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Afghanistan4.336 million KABUL (capital) (2021)
Albania503,000 TIRANA (capital) (2021)
Algeria2.809 million ALGIERS (capital), 910,000 Oran (2021)
American Samoa49,000 PAGO PAGO (capital) (2018)
Andorra23,000 ANDORRA LA VELLA (capital) (2018)
Angola8.632 million LUANDA (capital), 871,000 Lubango, 819,000 Cabinda (2021)
Anguilla1,000 THE VALLEY (capital) (2018)
Antigua and Barbuda21,000 SAINT JOHN'S (capital) (2018)
Argentina15.258 million BUENOS AIRES (capital), 1.585 million Cordoba, 1.554 million Rosario, 1.191 million Mendoza, 1 million San Miguel de Tucuman, 894,000 La Plata (2021)
Armenia1.089 million YEREVAN (capital) (2021)
Aruba30,000 ORANJESTAD (capital) (2018)
Australia5,061 million Melbourne, 4.992 million Sydney, 2.439 million Brisbane, 2.067 million Perth, 1.345 million Adelaide, 462,000 CANBERRA (capital) (2021)
Austria1.945 million VIENNA (capital) (2021)
Azerbaijan2.371 million BAKU (capital) (2021)
Bahamas, The280,000 NASSAU (capital) (2018)
Bahrain664,000 MANAMA (capital) (2021)
Bangladesh21.741 million DHAKA (capital), 5.133 million Chittagong, 949,000 Khulna, 924,000 Rajshahi, 890,000 Sylhet, Bogra 820,000 (2021)
Barbados89,000 BRIDGETOWN (capital) (2018)
Belarus2.039 million MINSK (capital) (2021)
Belgium2.096 million BRUSSELS (capital), 1.048 million Antwerp (2021)
Belize23,000 BELMOPAN (capital) (2018)
Benin285,000 PORTO-NOVO (capital) (2018); 1.123 million Abomey-Calavi, 699,000 COTONOU (seat of government) (2021)
Bermuda10,000 HAMILTON (capital) (2018)
Bhutan203,000 THIMPHU (capital) (2018)
Bolivia278,000 Sucre (constitutional capital) (2018); 1.882 million LA PAZ (capital), 1.749 million Santa Cruz, 1.337 million Cochabamba (2021)
Bosnia and Herzegovina344,000 SARAJEVO (capital) (2021)
Botswana269,000 GABORONE (capital) (2018)
Brazil22.237 million Sao Paulo, 13.544 million Rio de Janeiro, 6.140 million Belo Horizonte, 4.728 million BRASILIA (capital), 4.175 million Recife, 4.161 million Porto Alegre (2021)
British Virgin Islands15,000 ROAD TOWN (capital) (2018)
Brunei241,000 BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN (capital) (2011)

note: the boundaries of the capital city were expanded in 2007, greatly increasing the city area; the population of the capital increased tenfold
Bulgaria1.284 million SOFIA (capital) (2021)
Burkina Faso2.915 million OUAGADOUGOU (capital), 1.020 million Bobo-Dioulasso (2021)
Burma5.422 million RANGOON (Yangon) (capital), 1.469 million Mandalay (2021)
Burundi1.075 million BUJUMBURA (capital) (2021)
Cambodia2.144 million PHNOM PENH (capital) (2021)
Cameroon4.164 million YAOUNDE (capital), 3.793 million Douala (2021)
Canada6.255 million Toronto, 4.247 million Montreal, 2.606 million Vancouver, 1.581 million Calgary, 1.491 million Edmonton, 1.408 million OTTAWA (capital) (2021)
Cayman Islands35,000 GEORGE TOWN (capital) (2018)
Central African Republic910,000 BANGUI (capital) (2021)
Chad1.476 million N'DJAMENA (capital) (2021)
Chile6.812 million SANTIAGO (capital), 992,000 Valparaiso, 892,000 Concepcion (2021)
China27.796 million Shanghai, 20.897 million BEIJING (capital), 16.382 million Chongqing, 13.794 million Tianjin, 13.635 million Guangzhou, 12.592 million Shenzhen (2021)
Colombia11.167 million BOGOTA (capital), 4.034 million Medellin, 2.810 million Cali, 2.299 million Barranquilla, 1.349 million Bucaramanga, 1.071 million Cartagena (2021)
Comoros62,000 MORONI (capital) (2018)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the14.970 million KINSHASA (capital), 2.643 million Mbuji-Mayi, 2.584 million Lubumbashi, 1.524 million Kananga, 1.321 million Kisangani, 1.133 million Bukavu (2021)
Congo, Republic of the2.470 million BRAZZAVILLE (capital), 1.254 million Pointe-Noire (2021)
Costa Rica1.421 million SAN JOSE (capital) (2021)
Cote d'Ivoire231,000 YAMOUSSOUKRO (capital) (2018), 5.355 million ABIDJAN (seat of government) (2021)
Croatia685,000 ZAGREB (capital) (2021)
Cuba2.143 million HAVANA (capital) (2021)
Curacao144,000 WILLEMSTAD (capital) (2018)
Cyprus269,000 NICOSIA (capital) (2018)
Denmark1.359 million COPENHAGEN (capital) (2021)
Djibouti584,000 DJIBOUTI (capital) (2021)
Dominica15,000 ROSEAU (capital) (2018)
Dominican Republic3.389 million SANTO DOMINGO (capital) (2021)
Ecuador3.043 million Guayaquil, 1.901 million QUITO (capital) (2021)
Egypt21.323 million CAIRO (capital), 5.381 million Alexandria (2021)
El Salvador1.107 million SAN SALVADOR (capital) (2021)
Equatorial Guinea297,000 MALABO (capital) (2018)
Eritrea998,000 ASMARA (capital) (2021)
Estonia449,000 TALLINN (capital) (2021)
Ethiopia5.006 million ADDIS ABABA (capital) (2021)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)2,000 STANLEY (capital) (2018)
Faroe Islands21,000 TORSHAVN (capital) (2018)
Fiji178,000 SUVA (capital) (2018)
Finland1.317 million HELSINKI (capital) (2021)
France11.079 million PARIS (capital), 1.734 million Lyon, 1.614 million Marseille-Aix-en-Provence, 1.068 million Lille, 1.037 million Toulouse, 980,000 Bordeaux (2021)
French Polynesia136,000 PAPEETE (capital) (2018)
Gabon845,000 LIBREVILLE (capital) (2021)
Gambia, The459,000 BANJUL (capital) (2021)

note: includes the local government areas of Banjul and Kanifing
Georgia1.079 million TBILISI (capital) (2021)
Germany3.567 million BERLIN (capital), 1.789 million Hamburg, 1.553 million Munich, 1.129 million Cologne, 785,000 Frankfurt (2021)
Ghana3.390 million Kumasi, 2.557 million ACCRA (capital), 991,000 Sekondi Takoradi (2021)
Gibraltar35,000 GIBRALTAR (capital) (2018)
Greece3.153 million ATHENS (capital), 813,000 Thessaloniki (2021)
Greenland18,000 NUUK (capital) (2018)
Grenada39,000 SAINT GEORGE'S (capital) (2018)
Guam147,000 HAGATNA (capital) (2018)
Guatemala2.983 million GUATEMALA CITY (capital) (2021)
Guernsey16,000 SAINT PETER PORT (capital) (2018)
Guinea1.991 million CONAKRY (capital) (2021)
Guinea-Bissau621,000 BISSAU (capital) (2021)
Guyana110,000 GEORGETOWN (capital) (2018)
Haiti2.844 million PORT-AU-PRINCE (capital) (2021)
Holy See (Vatican City)1,000 VATICAN CITY (capital) (2018)
Honduras1.485 million TEGUCIGALPA (capital), 929,000 San Pedro Sula (2021)
Hong Kong7.598 million Hong Kong (2021)
Hungary1.772 million BUDAPEST (capital) (2021)
Iceland216,000 REYKJAVIK (capital) (2018)
India31.181 million NEW DELHI (capital), 20.668 million Mumbai, 14.974 million Kolkata, 12.765 million Bangalore, 11.235 million Chennai, 10.269 million Hyderabad (2021)
Indonesia10.915 million JAKARTA (capital), 3.510 million Bekasi, 2.972 million Surabaya, 2.607 million Bandung, 2.397 million Tangerang, 2.368 million Medan (2021)
Iran9.259 million TEHRAN (capital), 3.264 million Mashhad, 2.177 million Esfahan, 1.675 million Shiraz, 1.627 million Tabriz, 1.582 million Karaj (2021)
Iraq7.323 million BAGHDAD (capital), 1.683 million Mosul, 1.382 million Basra, 1.031 million Kirkuk, 901,000 Najaf, 861,000 Erbil (2021)
Ireland1.242 million DUBLIN (capital) (2021)
Israel4.264 million Tel Aviv-Yafo, 1.155 million Haifa, 944,000 JERUSALEM (capital) (2021)
Italy4.278 million ROME (capital), 3.144 million Milan, 2.183 million Naples, 1.795 million Turin, 900,000 Bergamo, 850,000 Palermo (2021)
Jamaica592,000 KINGSTON (capital) (2021)
Japan37.340 million TOKYO (capital), 19.111 million Osaka, 9.566 million Nagoya, 5.516 million Kitakyushu-Fukuoka, 2.930 million Shizuoka-Hamamatsu, 2.670 million Sapporo (2021)
Jersey34,000 SAINT HELIER (capital) (2018)
Jordan2.182 million AMMAN (capital) (2021)
Kazakhstan1.928 million Almaty, 1.212 million NUR-SULTAN (capital), 1.093 million Shimkent (2021)
Kenya4.922 million NAIROBI (capital), 1.341 million Mombassa (2021)
Kiribati64,000 TARAWA (capital) (2018)
Korea, North3.108 million PYONGYANG (capital) (2021)
Korea, South9.968 million SEOUL (capital), 3.466 million Busan, 2.818 million Incheon, 2.191 million Daegu (Taegu), 1.569 million Daejon (Taejon), 1.524 million Gwangju (Kwangju) (2021)
Kosovo216,870 PRISTINA (capital) (2019)
Kuwait3.177 million KUWAIT (capital) (2021)
Kyrgyzstan1.060 million BISHKEK (capital) (2021)
Laos694,000 VIENTIANE (capital) (2021)
Latvia628,000 RIGA (capital) (2021)
Lebanon2.435 million BEIRUT (capital) (2021)
Lesotho202,000 MASERU (capital) (2018)
Liberia1.569 million MONROVIA (capital) (2021)
Libya1.170 million TRIPOLI (capital), 919,000 Misratah, 836,000 Benghazi (2021)
Liechtenstein5,000 VADUZ (capital) (2018)
Lithuania540,000 VILNIUS (capital) (2021)
Luxembourg120,000 LUXEMBOURG (capital) (2018)
Madagascar3.532 million ANTANANARIVO (capital) (2021)
Malawi1.171 million LILONGWE (capital), 962,000 Blantyre-Limbe (2021)
Malaysia8.211 million KUALA LUMPUR (capital), 1.045 million Johor Bahru, 828,000 Ipoh (2021)
Maldives177,000 MALE (capital) (2018)
Mali2.713 million BAMAKO (capital) (2021)
Malta213,000 VALLETTA (capital) (2018)
Marshall Islands31,000 MAJURO (capital) (2018)
Mauritania1.372 million NOUAKCHOTT (capital) (2021)
Mauritius149,000 PORT LOUIS (capital) (2018)
Mexico21.919 million MEXICO CITY (capital), 5.259 million Guadalajara, 4.956 million Monterrey, 3.245 million Puebla, 2.522 million Toluca de Lerdo, 2.181 million Tijuana (2021)
Micronesia, Federated States of7,000 PALIKIR (capital) (2018)
Moldova494,000 CHISINAU (capital) (2021)
Monaco39,000 MONACO (capital) (2018)
Mongolia1.615 million ULAANBAATAR (capital) (2021)
Montenegro177,000 PODGORICA (capital) (2018)
Morocco3.794 million Casablanca, 1.907 million RABAT (capital), 1.245 million Fes, 1.238 million Tangier, 1.017 million Marrakech, 942,000 Agadir (2021)
Mozambique1.748 million Matola, 1.122 million MAPUTO (capital), 887,000 Nampula (2021)
Namibia446,000 WINDHOEK (capital) (2021)
Nepal1.472 million KATHMANDU (capital) (2021)
Netherlands1.158 million AMSTERDAM (capital), 1.012 million Rotterdam (2021)
New Caledonia198,000 NOUMEA (capital) (2018)
New Zealand1.630 million Auckland, 417,000 WELLINGTON (capital) (2021)
Nicaragua1.073 million MANAGUA (capital) (2021)
Niger1.336 million NIAMEY (capital) (2021)
Nigeria14.862 million Lagos, 4.103 million Kano, 3.649 million Ibadan, 3.464 million ABUJA (capital), 3.171 million Port Harcourt, 1.782 million Benin City (2021)
Niue1,000 ALOFI (capital) (2018)
Northern Mariana Islands51,000 SAIPAN (capital) (2018)
Norway1.056 million OSLO (capital) (2021)
Oman1.590 million MUSCAT (capital) (2021)
Pakistan16.459 million Karachi, 13.095 million Lahore, 3.542 million Faisalabad, 2.281 million Rawalpindi, 2.290 million Gujranwala, 1.164 million ISLAMABAD (capital) (2021)
Palau277 NGERULMUD (capital) (2018)
Panama1.899 million PANAMA CITY (capital) (2021)
Papua New Guinea391,000 PORT MORESBY (capital) (2021)
Paraguay3.394 million ASUNCION (capital) (2021)
Peru10.883 million LIMA (capital), 935,000 Arequipa, 878,000 Trujillo (2021)
Philippines14.159 million MANILA (capital), 1.866 million Davao, 994,000 Cebu City, 931,000 Zamboanga, 903,000 Antipolo, 770,000 Cagayan de Oro City (2021)
Poland1.790 million WARSAW (capital), 769,000 Krakow (2021)
Portugal2.972 million LISBON (capital), 1.316 million Porto (2021)
Puerto Rico2.445 million SAN JUAN (capital) (2021)
QatarAr-Rayyan 750,000, 646,000 DOHA (capital) (2021)
Romania1.794 million BUCHAREST (capital) (2021)
Russia12.593 million MOSCOW (capital), 5.504 million Saint Petersburg, 1.676 million Novosibirsk, 1.513 million Yekaterinburg, 1.280 million Kazan, 1.255 million Nizhniy Novgorod (2021)
Rwanda1.170 million KIGALI (capital) (2021)
Saint Kitts and Nevis14,000 BASSETERRE (capital) (2018)
Saint Lucia22,000 CASTRIES (capital) (2018)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon6,000 SAINT-PIERRE (capital) (2018)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines27,000 KINGSTOWN (capital) (2018)
Samoa36,000 APIA (capital) (2018)
San Marino4,000 SAN MARINO (2018)
Sao Tome and Principe80,000 SAO TOME (capital) (2018)
Saudi Arabia7.388 million RIYADH (capital), 4.697 million Jeddah, 2.079 million Mecca, 1.518 million Medina, 1.279 million Ad Dammam, 1.279 million Hufuf-Mubarraz (2021)
Senegal3.230 million DAKAR (capital) (2021)
Serbia1.402 million BELGRADE (capital) (2021)
Seychelles28,000 VICTORIA (capital) (2018)
Sierra Leone1.236 million FREETOWN (capital) (2021)
Singapore5.992 million SINGAPORE (capital) (2021)
Sint Maarten1,327 PHILIPSBURG (capital) (2011)
Slovakia437,000 BRATISLAVA (capital) (2021)
Slovenia286,000 LJUBLJANA (capital) (2018)
Solomon Islands82,000 HONIARA (capital) (2018)
Somalia2.388 million MOGADISHU (capital), 1.033 million Hargeysa (2021)
South Africa9.897 million Johannesburg (includes Ekurhuleni), 4.710 million Cape Town (legislative capital), 3.176 million Durban, 2.655 million PRETORIA (administrative capital), 1.267 million Port Elizabeth, 909,000 West Rand (2021)
South Sudan421,000 JUBA (capital) (2021)
Spain6.669 million MADRID (capital), 5.624 million Barcelona, 835,000 Valencia (2021)
Sri Lanka103,000 Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative capital) (2018), 619,000 COLOMBO (capital) (2021)
Sudan5.989 million KHARTOUM (capital), 967,000 Nyala (2021)
Suriname239,000 PARAMARIBO (capital) (2018)
Sweden1.657 million STOCKHOLM (capital) (2021)
Switzerland1.408 million Zurich, 434,000 BERN (capital) (2021)
Syria2.440 million DAMASCUS (capital), 2.004 million Aleppo, 1.362 million Hims (Homs), 940,000 Hamah (2021)
Taiwan4.435 million New Taipei City, 2.731 million TAIPEI (capital), 2.272 million Taoyuan, 1.542 million Kaohsiung, 1.338 million Taichung, 857,000 Tainan (2021)
Tajikistan938,000 DUSHANBE (capital) (2021)
Tanzania262,000 Dodoma (legislative capital) (2018), 7.047 million DAR ES SALAAM (administrative capital), 1.182 million Mwanza (2021)
Thailand10.723 million BANGKOK (capital), 1.417 Chon Buri, 1.324 million Samut Prakan, 1.182 million Chiang Mai, 979,000 Songkla, 975,000 Nothaburi (2021)
Togo1.874 million LOME (capital) (2021)
Tonga23,000 NUKU'ALOFA (2018)
Trinidad and Tobago544,000 PORT-OF-SPAIN (capital) (2021)
Tunisia2.403 million TUNIS (capital) (2021)
Turkey15.190 million Istanbul, 5.118 million ANKARA (capital), 2.993 million Izmir, 1.986 million Bursa, 1.771 million Adana, 1.704 million Gaziantep (2020)
Turkmenistan865,000 ASHGABAT (capital) (2021)
Turks and Caicos Islands5,000 GRAND TURK (capital) (2018)
Tuvalu7,000 FUNAFUTI (capital) (2018)
Uganda3.470 million KAMPALA (capital) (2021)
Ukraine3.001 million KYIV (capital), 1.426 million Kharkiv, 1.009 million Odesa, 952,000 Dnipropetrovsk, 899,000 Donetsk (2021)
United Arab Emirates2.921 million Dubai, 1.737 million Sharjah, 1.512 million ABU DHABI (capital) (2021)
United Kingdom9.426 million LONDON (capital), 2.750 million Manchester, 2.626 million Birmingham, 1.902 million West Yorkshire, 1.681 million Glasgow, 936,000 Southampton/Portsmouth (2021)
United States18.823 million New York-Newark, 12.459 million Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, 8.877 million Chicago, 6.491 million Houston, 6.397 million Dallas-Fort Worth, 5.378 million WASHINGTON, D.C. (capital) (2021)
Uruguay1.760 million MONTEVIDEO (capital) (2021)
Uzbekistan2.545 million TASHKENT (capital) (2021)
Vanuatu53,000 PORT-VILA (capital) (2018)
Venezuela2.946 million CARACAS (capital), 2.296 million Maracaibo, 1.935 million Valencia, 1.227 million Barquisimeto, 1.216 million Maracay (2021)
Vietnam8.838 million Ho Chi Minh City, 4.875 million HANOI (capital), 1.703 million Can Tho, 1.341 million Hai Phong, 1.157 million Da Nang, 1.046 million Bien Hoa (2021)
Virgin Islands52,000 CHARLOTTE AMALIE (capital) (2018)
Wallis and Futuna1,000 MATA-UTU (capital) (2018)
Worldten largest urban agglomerations: Tokyo (Japan) - 37,393,000; New Delhi (India) - 30,291,000; Shanghai (China) - 27,058,000; Sao Paulo (Brazil) - 22,043,000; Mexico City (Mexico) - 21,782,000; Dhaka (Bangladesh) - 21,006,000; Cairo (Egypt) - 20,901,000; Beijing (China) - 20,463,000; Mumbai (India) - 20,411,000;  Osaka (Japan) - 19,165,000 (2020)

ten largest urban agglomerations, by continent:
Africa -
Cairo (Egypt) - 20,485,000; Lagos (Nigeria) - 13,904,000; Kinshasha (DRC) - 13,743,000; Luanda (Angola) - 8,045,000; Dar Es Salaam (Tanzania) - 6,368,000; Khartoum (Sudan) - 5,678,000; Johannesburg (South Africa) - 5,635,000; Alexandria (Egypt) - 5,182,000; Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire) - 5,059,000; Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) - 4,592,000

Asia - Tokyo (Japan) - 37,435,000; New Delhi (India) - 29,399,000; Shanghai (China) - 26,317,000; Dhaka (Bangladesh) - 20,284,000; Mumbai (India) - 20,185,000; Beijing (China) - 20,035,000; Osaka (Japan) - 19,223,000; Karachi (Pakistan) - 15,741,000; Chongqing (China) - 15,354,000; Istanbul (Turkey) - 14,968,000

Europe - Moscow (Russia) - 12,476,000; Paris (France) - 10,958,000; London (United Kingdom) - 9,177,000; Madrid (Spain) - 6,559,000; Barcelona (Spain) - 5,541,000, Saint Petersburg (Russia) -  5,427,000; Rome (Italy) - 4,234,000; Berlin (Germany) - 3,557,000; Athens (Greece) - 3,154,000; Milan (Italy) - 3,136,000

North America - Mexico City (Mexico) - 21,672,000; New York-Newark (United States) - 18,805,000; Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana (United States) - 12,448,000; Chicago (United States) - 8,862,000; Houston (United States) - 6,245,000; Dallas-Fort Worth (United States) - 6,201,000; Toronto (Canada) - 6,139,000; Miami (United States) - 6,079,000; Philadelphia (United States) - 5,705,000; Atlanta (United States) - 5,689,000

Oceania - Melbourne (Australia) - 4,870,000, Sydney (Australia) - 4,859,000; Brisbane (Australia) - 2,372,000; Perth (Australia) - 2,016,000; Auckland (New Zealand) - 1,582,000; Adelaide (Australia) - 1,328,000; Gold Coast-Tweed Head (Australia) - 687,000; Canberra (Australia) - 452,000; Newcastle-Maitland (Australia) - 447,000; Wellington (New Zealand) - 413,000

South America - Sao Paulo (Brazil) - 21,847,000; Buenos Aires (Argentina) - 15,057,000; Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) - 13,374,000; Bogota (Colombia) - 10,779,000; Lima (Peru) - 10,555,000; Santiago (Chile) - 6,724,000; Belo Horizonte (Brazil) - 6,028,000; Brasilia (Brazil) - 4,559,000; Porto Alegre (Brazil) - 4,115,000; Recife (Brazil) - 4,078,000 (2019)
Yemen3.075 million SANAA (capital), 1.012 million Aden (2021)
Zambia2.906 million LUSAKA (capital) (2021)
Zimbabwe1.542 million HARARE (capital) (2021)

Source: CIA Factbook