| Population | 1,339,330,514 (July 2021 est.) |
| Nationality | noun: Indian(s) adjective: Indian |
| Ethnic groups | Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000) |
| Languages | Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6%; note - English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; there are 22 other officially recognized languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2011 est.) major-language sample(s): ????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ????? (Hindi) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. |
| Religions | Hindu 79.8%, Muslim 14.2%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.7%, other and unspecified 2% (2011 est.) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 26.31% (male 185,017,089/female 163,844,572) 15-24 years: 17.51% (male 123,423,531/female 108,739,780) 25-54 years: 41.56% (male 285,275,667/female 265,842,319) 55-64 years: 7.91% (male 52,444,817/female 52,447,038) 65 years and over: 6.72% (male 42,054,459/female 47,003,975) (2020 est.) |
| Dependency ratios | total dependency ratio: 48.7 youth dependency ratio: 38.9 elderly dependency ratio: 9.8 potential support ratio: 10.2 (2020 est.) |
| Median age | total: 28.7 years male: 28 years female: 29.5 years (2020 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 1.04% (2021 est.) |
| Birth rate | 17.53 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Death rate | 7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Net migration rate | -0.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Population distribution | with the notable exception of the deserts in the northwest, including the Thar Desert, and the mountain fringe in the north, a very high population density exists throughout most of the country; the core of the population is in the north along the banks of the Ganges, with other river valleys and southern coastal areas also having large population concentrations |
| Urbanization | urban population: 35.4% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 2.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Major cities - population | 31.181 million NEW DELHI (capital), 20.668 million Mumbai, 14.974 million Kolkata, 12.765 million Bangalore, 11.235 million Chennai, 10.269 million Hyderabad (2021) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.11 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.14 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2020 est.) |
| Mother's mean age at first birth | 21 years (2015/16) note: median age a first birth among women 25-49 |
| Maternal mortality rate | 145 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 39.55 deaths/1,000 live births male: 39.47 deaths/1,000 live births female: 39.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 70.03 years male: 68.71 years female: 71.49 years (2021 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 2.28 children born/woman (2021 est.) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | 53.5% (2015/16) |
| Drinking water source | improved: urban: 96% of population rural: 91% of population total: 92.7% of population unimproved: urban: 4% of population rural: 9% of population total: 7.2% of population (2017 est.) |
| Health expenditures | 3.5% (2018) |
| Physicians density | 0.86 physicians/1,000 population (2018) |
| Hospital bed density | 0.5 beds/1,000 population (2017) |
| Sanitation facility access | improved: urban: 93.7% of population rural: 61.1% of population total: 72% of population unimproved: urban: 6.3% of population rural: 38.9% of population total: 28% of population (2017 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | 0.2% (2017 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | 2.3 million (2020 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths | 69,000 (2017 est.) |
| Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: very high (2020) food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria water contact diseases: leptospirosis animal contact diseases: rabies note: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are being reported across 27 States and Union Territories in India; as of 20 July 2021, India has reported a total of 31,174,322 cases of COVID-19 or 2,259 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 30.03 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 23.65% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; effective 4 May 2021, the US has banned most travel from India to the US |
| Obesity - adult prevalence rate | 3.9% (2016) |
| Children under the age of 5 years underweight | 33.4% (2016/18) |
| Education expenditures | 3.8% of GDP (2013) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 74.4% male: 82.4% female: 65.8% (2018) |
| School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | total: 12 years male: 11 years female: 12 years (2019) |
Source: CIA World Factbook
This page was last updated on September 18, 2021
