India vs. Nepal
Demographics
| India | Nepal | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1,339,330,514 (July 2021 est.) | 30,424,878 (July 2021 est.) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 26.31% (male 185,017,089/female 163,844,572) 15-24 years: 17.51% (male 123,423,531/female 108,739,780) 25-54 years: 41.56% (male 285,275,667/female 265,842,319) 55-64 years: 7.91% (male 52,444,817/female 52,447,038) 65 years and over: 6.72% (male 42,054,459/female 47,003,975) (2020 est.) | 0-14 years: 28.36% (male 4,526,786/female 4,073,642) 15-24 years: 20.93% (male 3,276,431/female 3,070,843) 25-54 years: 38.38% (male 5,251,553/female 6,387,365) 55-64 years: 6.64% (male 954,836/female 1,059,360) 65 years and over: 5.69% (male 852,969/female 874,092) (2020 est.) |
| Median age | total: 28.7 years male: 28 years female: 29.5 years (2020 est.) | total: 25.3 years male: 23.9 years female: 26.9 years (2020 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 1.04% (2021 est.) | 0.81% (2021 est.) |
| Birth rate | 17.53 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) | 17.78 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Death rate | 7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) | 5.57 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Net migration rate | -0.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) | -4.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.11 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.14 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2020 est.) | at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.11 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.82 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2020 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 39.55 deaths/1,000 live births male: 39.47 deaths/1,000 live births female: 39.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) | total: 25.73 deaths/1,000 live births male: 27.13 deaths/1,000 live births female: 24.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 70.03 years male: 68.71 years female: 71.49 years (2021 est.) | total population: 72.12 years male: 71.38 years female: 72.9 years (2021 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 2.28 children born/woman (2021 est.) | 1.93 children born/woman (2021 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | 0.2% (2017 est.) | 0.1% (2020 est.) |
| Nationality | noun: Indian(s) adjective: Indian | noun: Nepali (singular and plural) adjective: Nepali |
| Ethnic groups | Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000) | Chhettri 16.6%, Brahman-Hill 12.2%, Magar 7.1%, Tharu 6.6%, Tamang 5.8%, Newar 5%, Kami 4.8%, Muslim 4.4%, Yadav 4%, Rai 2.3%, Gurung 2%, Damai/Dholii 1.8%, Thakuri 1.6%, Limbu 1.5%, Sarki 1.4%, Teli 1.4%, Chamar/Harijan/Ram 1.3%, Koiri/Kushwaha 1.2%, other 19% (2011 est.) note: 125 caste/ethnic groups were reported in the 2011 national census |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | 2.3 million (2020 est.) | 30,000 (2020 est.) |
| Religions | Hindu 79.8%, Muslim 14.2%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.7%, other and unspecified 2% (2011 est.) | Hindu 81.3%, Buddhist 9%, Muslim 4.4%, Kirant 3.1%, Christian 1.4%, other 0.5%, unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths | 69,000 (2017 est.) | <1000 (2020 est.) |
| Languages | Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6%; note - English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; there are 22 other officially recognized languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2011 est.) major-language sample(s): ????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ????? (Hindi) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | Nepali (official) 44.6%, Maithali 11.7%, Bhojpuri 6%, Tharu 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.2%, Bajjika 3%, Magar 3%, Doteli 3%, Urdu 2.6%, Avadhi 1.9%, Limbu 1.3%, Gurung 1.2%, Baitadeli 1%, other 6.4%, unspecified 0.2%; note - 123 languages reported as mother tongue in 2011 national census; many in government and business also speak English (2011 est.) major-language sample(s): ????? ???? ??????,??????? ????????? ???? ????????? ????? (Nepali) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 74.4% male: 82.4% female: 65.8% (2018) | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 67.9% male: 78.6% female: 59.7% (2018) |
| Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: very high (2020) food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria water contact diseases: leptospirosis animal contact diseases: rabies note: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are being reported across 27 States and Union Territories in India; as of 20 July 2021, India has reported a total of 31,174,322 cases of COVID-19 or 2,259 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 30.03 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 23.65% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; effective 4 May 2021, the US has banned most travel from India to the US | degree of risk: high (2020) food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: Japanese encephalitis, malaria, and dengue fever |
| School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | total: 12 years male: 11 years female: 12 years (2019) | total: 13 years male: 13 years female: 13 years (2019) |
| Education expenditures | 3.8% of GDP (2013) | 5.1% of GDP (2018) |
| Urbanization | urban population: 35.4% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 2.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | urban population: 21% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 3.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Drinking water source | improved: urban: 96% of population rural: 91% of population total: 92.7% of population unimproved: urban: 4% of population rural: 9% of population total: 7.2% of population (2017 est.) | improved: urban: 91.7% of population rural: 91.4% of population total: 91.5% of population unimproved: urban: 8.3% of population rural: 8.6% of population total: 8.5% of population (2017 est.) |
| Sanitation facility access | improved: urban: 93.7% of population rural: 61.1% of population total: 72% of population unimproved: urban: 6.3% of population rural: 38.9% of population total: 28% of population (2017 est.) | improved: urban: 91.7% of population rural: 71.9% of population total: 75.7% of population unimproved: urban: 7.3% of population rural: 28.1% of population total: 24.3% of population (2017 est.) |
| Major cities - population | 31.181 million NEW DELHI (capital), 20.668 million Mumbai, 14.974 million Kolkata, 12.765 million Bangalore, 11.235 million Chennai, 10.269 million Hyderabad (2021) | 1.472 million KATHMANDU (capital) (2021) |
| Maternal mortality rate | 145 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) | 186 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) |
| Children under the age of 5 years underweight | 33.4% (2016/18) | 24.4% (2019) |
| Health expenditures | 3.5% (2018) | 5.8% (2018) |
| Physicians density | 0.86 physicians/1,000 population (2018) | 0.75 physicians/1,000 population (2018) |
| Hospital bed density | 0.5 beds/1,000 population (2017) | 0.3 beds/1,000 population (2012) |
| Obesity - adult prevalence rate | 3.9% (2016) | 4.1% (2016) |
| Mother's mean age at first birth | 21 years (2015/16) note: median age a first birth among women 25-49 | 21.6 years (2016 est.) note: median age at first birth among women 25-49 |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | 53.5% (2015/16) | 46.7% (2019) |
| Dependency ratios | total dependency ratio: 48.7 youth dependency ratio: 38.9 elderly dependency ratio: 9.8 potential support ratio: 10.2 (2020 est.) | total dependency ratio: 53 youth dependency ratio: 44.1 elderly dependency ratio: 8.9 potential support ratio: 11.2 (2020 est.) |
Source: CIA Factbook
