Children in employment, unpaid family workers, female (% of female children in employment, ages 7-14) - Country Ranking

Definition: Unpaid family workers are people who work without pay in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.

Source: Understanding Children's Work project based on data from ILO, UNICEF and the World Bank.

See also: Thematic map, Time series comparison

Find indicator:
Rank Country Value Year
1 Moldova 99.14 2009
2 Mongolia 98.34 2012
3 Albania 98.23 2010
4 Yemen 97.67 2010
5 Jordan 97.30 2016
6 Ghana 97.10 2012
7 Ecuador 96.84 2015
8 Namibia 96.50 1999
9 Azerbaijan 96.30 2005
10 Tanzania 96.16 2014
11 Kyrgyz Republic 96.01 2014
12 Sri Lanka 95.86 2009
13 Armenia 95.72 2010
14 Romania 95.22 2000
15 The Gambia 94.56 2015
16 Bosnia and Herzegovina 94.36 2006
17 Serbia 94.12 2005
18 Zambia 93.55 2008
19 Somalia 93.13 2006
20 Bolivia 92.57 2015
21 Nepal 92.51 2008
22 Ukraine 91.79 2012
23 Mozambique 91.53 2008
24 Madagascar 91.04 2007
25 Ethiopia 90.37 2011
26 Peru 90.25 2007
27 Burkina Faso 89.60 2010
28 Togo 88.64 2010
29 Iraq 88.56 2011
30 Guinea-Bissau 88.45 2006
31 Panama 88.31 2014
32 Mauritania 87.02 2011
33 Algeria 87.00 2013
34 Guinea 86.84 2012
35 Vietnam 86.71 2012
36 Nicaragua 86.66 2012
37 Uganda 86.47 2012
38 Nigeria 86.43 2011
39 Malawi 86.13 2015
40 Côte d'Ivoire 85.89 2012
41 El Salvador 85.60 2013
42 Senegal 85.51 2011
43 Burundi 85.12 2010
44 Central African Republic 85.01 2010
45 Lesotho 84.58 2000
46 South Africa 84.39 1999
47 Congo 83.59 2012
48 Indonesia 83.11 2010
49 Gabon 82.96 2012
50 Belarus 82.87 2012
51 Mali 82.60 2013
52 Tunisia 82.37 2012
53 Liberia 81.32 2010
54 Angola 81.20 2001
55 Dem. Rep. Congo 80.90 2010
56 Haiti 80.85 2012
57 Benin 80.57 2012
58 Jamaica 80.41 2011
59 Syrian Arab Republic 80.37 2006
60 Uzbekistan 80.19 2006
61 Thailand 78.76 2006
62 Pakistan 78.39 2011
63 Philippines 78.35 2011
63 Eswatini 78.35 2010
65 Lao PDR 78.29 2010
66 Georgia 78.00 2006
67 Cambodia 75.67 2012
68 Honduras 75.28 2014
69 Afghanistan 74.31 2011
70 Argentina 73.27 2012
71 Colombia 72.79 2015
72 Kazakhstan 72.50 2006
73 Niger 72.08 2012
74 North Macedonia 71.78 2011
75 Cameroon 71.29 2011
76 Tajikistan 70.49 2005
77 Venezuela 68.39 2013
78 Zimbabwe 67.50 1999
79 Sudan 66.38 2008
80 Guatemala 65.99 2015
81 Chad 63.83 2010
82 Turkey 63.73 2006
83 Sierra Leone 63.07 2013
84 Brazil 61.51 2015
85 Rwanda 61.43 2011
86 Paraguay 60.96 2014
87 India 60.78 2012
88 Mexico 59.72 2013
89 Costa Rica 54.59 2016
90 Bangladesh 50.35 2013
91 Uruguay 45.34 2009
92 Dominican Republic 43.66 2012
93 Egypt 27.91 2009
94 Trinidad and Tobago 23.54 2006

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Development Relevance: In most countries more boys are involved in employment, or the gender difference is small. However, girls are often more present in hidden or underreported forms of employment such as domestic service, and in almost all societies girls bear greater responsibility for household chores in their own homes, work that lies outside the System of National Accounts production boundary and is thus not considered in estimates of children's employment.

Limitations and Exceptions: Although efforts are made to harmonize the definition of employment and the questions on employment in survey questionnaires, significant differences remain in the survey instruments that collect data on children in employment and in the sampling design underlying the surveys. Differences exist not only across different household surveys in the same country but also across the same type of survey carried out in different countries, so estimates of working children are not fully comparable across countries. In addition, the shares of three categories (self-employed workers, wage workers, and unpaid family workers) may not add up to 100 percent because of a residual category not included.

Statistical Concept and Methodology: Data are from household surveys by the International Labor Organization (ILO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World Bank, and national statistical offices. The surveys yield data on education, employment, health, expenditure, and consumption indicators related to children's work. Since children's work is captured in the sense of "economic activity," the data refer to children in employment, a broader concept than child labor (see ILO 2009a for details on this distinction). Household survey data generally include information on work type - for example, whether a child is working for payment in cash or in kind or is involved in unpaid work, working for someone who is not a member of the household, or involved in any type of family work (on the farm or in a business). In line with the definition of economic activity adopted by the 13th International Conference of Labour Statisticians, the threshold set by the 1993 UN System of National Accounts for classifying a person as employed is to have been engaged at least one hour in any activity relating to the production of goods and services during the reference period. Children seeking work are thus excluded. Economic activity covers all market production and certain nonmarket production, including production of goods for own use. It excludes unpaid household services (commonly called "household chores") - that is, the production of domestic and personal services by household members for a household's own consumption. Country surveys define the ages for child labor as 5-17. The data here have been recalculated to present statistics for children ages 7-14.

Periodicity: Annual