Repeaters, primary, total (% of total enrollment) - Country Ranking - Europe

Definition: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school.

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/)

See also: Thematic map, Time series comparison

Find indicator:
Rank Country Value Year
1 Portugal 14.31 1991
2 France 4.17 2000
3 Liechtenstein 3.62 2017
4 Luxembourg 3.61 2017
5 Slovak Republic 3.30 2017
6 Austria 2.92 2017
7 Spain 2.50 2017
8 Turkey 2.37 2017
9 Belgium 2.21 2017
10 Netherlands 2.18 1985
11 Romania 1.30 2017
12 Hungary 1.29 2017
13 Switzerland 1.19 2017
14 Poland 1.06 2017
15 Denmark 0.93 2017
16 Monaco 0.90 2019
17 Slovenia 0.85 2017
18 Albania 0.85 2018
19 Andorra 0.74 2018
20 Greece 0.71 2017
21 Latvia 0.70 2017
22 Serbia 0.56 2018
23 Estonia 0.51 2017
24 Czech Republic 0.50 2017
25 Lithuania 0.49 2017
26 Ireland 0.44 2017
27 Germany 0.44 2017
28 Italy 0.33 2017
29 Malta 0.32 2017
30 Montenegro 0.32 2018
31 Finland 0.25 2017
32 Cyprus 0.13 2017
33 Croatia 0.11 2017
34 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.09 2018
35 Bulgaria 0.08 2017
36 Ukraine 0.07 2018
37 Belarus 0.04 2018
38 United Kingdom 0.00 2012
38 Moldova 0.00 2018
38 North Macedonia 0.00 2017
38 San Marino 0.00 2018
38 Norway 0.00 1993
38 Iceland 0.00 2012
38 Sweden 0.00 2015

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Development Relevance: Data on repeaters are often used to indicate an education system's internal efficiency. Repeaters not only increase the cost of education for the family and the school system, but also use limited school resources.

Limitations and Exceptions: Country policies on repetition and promotion differ. In some cases the number of repeaters is controlled because of limited capacity. In other cases the number of repeaters is almost 0 because of automatic promotion – suggesting a system that is highly efficient but that may not be endowing students with enough cognitive skills.

Other Notes: Data retrieved via API in March 2019. For detailed information on the observation level (e.g. National Estimation, UIS Estimation, or Category not applicable), please visit UIS.Stat (http://data.uis.unesco.org/).

Statistical Concept and Methodology: Share of repeaters in primary school is calculated by dividing the sum of repeaters in all grades of primary school by the total number of students enrolled in primary school, and multiplying by 100. Data on education are collected by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics from official responses to its annual education survey. All the data are mapped to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) to ensure the comparability of education programs at the international level. The current version was formally adopted by UNESCO Member States in 2011. The reference years reflect the school year for which the data are presented. In some countries the school year spans two calendar years (for example, from September 2010 to June 2011); in these cases the reference year refers to the year in which the school year ended (2011 in the example).

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual