| Population | 91,195,675 (July 2012 est.)
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 44.6% (male 20,342,615/female 20,319,812)
15-24 years: 19.8% (male 8,976,586/female 9,087,897)
25-54 years: 28.9% (male 13,144,601/female 13,248,588)
55-64 years: 3.9% (male 1,719,791/female 1,802,075)
65 years and over: 2.8% (male 1,155,374/female 1,398,336) (2012 est.) |
| Median age | total: 16.8 years
male: 16.5 years
female: 17.1 years (2012 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 2.9% (2012 est.) |
| Birth rate | 38.5 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) |
| Death rate | 9.3 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) |
| Net migration rate | -0.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: repatriation of Ethiopian refugees residing in Sudan is expected to continue for several years; some Sudanese, Somali, and Eritrean refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries, continue to return to their homes (2012 est.) |
| Urbanization | urban population: 17% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 3.8% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) |
| Major cities - population | ADDIS ABABA (capital) 2.863 million (2009) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2011 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 60.9 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 69.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 52 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 56.56 years
male: 53.99 years
female: 59.21 years (2012 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 5.39 children born/woman (2012 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | NA |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | NA |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths | NA |
| Sanitation facility access | improved:
urban: 29% of population
rural: 8% of population
total: 12% of population
unimproved:
urban: 71% of population
rural: 92% of population
total: 88% of population |
| Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
animal contact disease: rabies
water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009) |
| Nationality | noun: Ethiopian(s)
adjective: Ethiopian |
| Ethnic groups | Oromo 34.5%, Amara 26.9%, Somalie 6.2%, Tigraway 6.1%, Sidama 4%, Gurage 2.5%, Welaita 2.3%, Hadiya 1.7%, Affar 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, other 11.3% (2007 Census) |
| Religions | Orthodox 43.5%, Muslim 33.9%, Protestant 18.6%, traditional 2.6%, Catholic 0.7%, other 0.7% (2007 Census) |
| Languages | Oromigna (official regional) 33.8%, Amarigna (Amharic) (official) 29.3%, Somaligna 6.2%, Tigrigna (official regional) 5.9%, Sidamigna 4%, Wolayitigna 2.2%, Guaragigna 2%, Affarigna 1.7%, Hadiyigna 1.7%, Gamogna 1.5%, other 11.7%, English (official) (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (official) (1994 census) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 42.7%
male: 50.3%
female: 35.1% (2003 est.) |
| School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | total: 8 years
male: 9 years
female: 8 years (2008) |
| Education expenditures | 5.5% of GDP (2007) |
| Maternal mortality rate | 350 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) |
| Children under the age of 5 years underweight | 34.6% (2005) |
| Health expenditures | 3.6% of GDP (2009) |
| Physicians density | 0.022 physicians/1,000 population (2007) |
| Hospital bed density | 0.18 beds/1,000 population (2008) |
