| Location | Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan |
| Geographic coordinates | 40 00 N, 60 00 E |
| Map references | Asia |
| Area | total: 488,100 sq km land: 469,930 sq km water: 18,170 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly more than three times the size of Georgia; slightly larger than California |
| Land boundaries | total: 4,158 km border countries (4): Afghanistan 804 km, Iran 1148 km, Kazakhstan 413 km, Uzbekistan 1793 km |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked); note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km) |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) |
| Climate | subtropical desert |
| Terrain | flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west |
| Elevation extremes | highest point: Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m lowest point: Vpadina Akchanaya (Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya, the lake has dropped as low as -110 m) -81 m mean elevation: 230 m |
| Natural resources | petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt |
| Land use | agricultural land: 72% (2018 est.) arable land: 4.1% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 67.8% (2018 est.) forest: 8.8% (2018 est.) other: 19.2% (2018 est.) |
| Irrigated land | 19,950 sq km (2012) |
| Total renewable water resources | 24.765 billion cubic meters (2017 est.) |
| Natural hazards | earthquakes; mudslides; droughts; dust storms; floods |
| Geography - note | landlocked; the western and central low-lying desolate portions of the country make up the great Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; eastern part is plateau |
Source: CIA World Factbook
This page was last updated on September 18, 2021
