Turkmenistan |
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|
Motto: Türkmenistan Bitaraplygyň watanydyr
("Turkmenistan is the motherland of Neutrality")[2][3] |
Anthem: Garaşsyz Bitarap Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni
("State Anthem of Independent, Neutral Turkmenistan") |
 Location of Turkmenistan (red) |
| Capital and largest city | Ashgabat
37°58′N58°20′E / 37.967°N 58.333°E / 37.967; 58.333 |
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| Official languages | Turkmen[4] |
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| Language of inter-ethnic communication | Russian |
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| Other languages | Uzbek • Kazakh • Eastern Armenian • Azerbaijani • Baluji • Kurmanji • Ukrainian • Persian and others |
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| Ethnic groups (2012) | |
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| Religion | |
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| Demonym(s) | Turkmenistani[5]
Turkmen[6]
Turkmenian |
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| Government | Unitaryde factoone-partypresidentialrepublic under a totalitariandictatorship[7] |
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|
| Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow |
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| Raşit Meredow |
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| Ussanepesow Atamyradovič |
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|
| Legislature | National Council[8] |
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| People's Council |
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| Assembly |
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|
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| 1879 |
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| 13 May 1925 |
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• Declared state sovereignty | 22 August 1990 |
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| 27 October 1991 |
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• Recognized | 26 December 1991 |
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| 18 May 1992 |
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|
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• Total | 491,210 km2 (189,660 sq mi)[9] (52nd) |
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• Water (%) | 4.9 |
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|
• 2020 estimate | 6,031,187[10] (113th) |
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• Density | 10.5/km2 (27.2/sq mi) (221st) |
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| GDP (PPP) | 2018 estimate |
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• Total | $112.659 billion[11] |
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• Per capita | $19,526[11] |
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| GDP (nominal) | 2018 estimate |
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• Total | $42.764 billion[11] |
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• Per capita | $7,411[11] |
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| Gini (1998) | 40.8
medium |
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| HDI (2019) |  0.715[12]
high · 111th |
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| Currency | Turkmenistan manat (TMT) |
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| Time zone | UTC+05 (TMT) |
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| Driving side | right |
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| Calling code | +993 |
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| ISO 3166 code | TM |
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| Internet TLD | .tm |
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