RankCountryImports of Ester gums in USD (2010)
1Germany$53,594,584
2Italy$42,800,649
3United Kingdom$29,028,963
4Japan$26,679,326
5France$23,496,722
6Turkey$20,498,303
7Netherlands$20,424,796
8Spain$19,227,589
9United States$17,814,761
10Mexico$14,054,213
11Belgium$11,349,025
12Korea, South$8,505,852
13Sweden$8,382,175
14Ireland$8,017,416
15Egypt$7,702,407
16Luxembourg$6,860,990
17Poland$5,882,942
18Indonesia$5,467,273
19Argentina$4,775,136
20Saudi Arabia$4,580,272
21India$4,551,701
22Canada$4,287,505
23South Africa$3,944,687
24Switzerland$3,200,118
25Australia$3,072,890
26Finland$3,069,255
27Russia$3,033,752
28China$2,420,150
29Malaysia$2,399,374
30Portugal$2,224,078
31Norway$1,590,277
32Denmark$1,393,089
33Chile$1,334,206
34Brazil$1,287,073
35Israel$1,274,000
36Slovenia$1,181,770
37Vietnam$1,048,150
38Iran$952,935
39Belarus$924,600
40Colombia$897,824
41Pakistan$807,808
42Thailand$758,497
43Venezuela$742,730
44Kenya$733,688
45New Zealand$720,747
46Czech Republic$716,338
47Algeria$652,142
48Costa Rica$651,477
49Singapore$592,412
50Peru$551,973
51Philippines$483,637
52Jordan$419,680
53Austria$416,326
54Hungary$384,000
55Lebanon$359,433
56Romania$240,651
57Nigeria$225,902
58Greece$220,028
59Morocco$213,570
60Cyprus$205,813
61Ukraine$124,601
62Croatia$116,707
63Slovakia$103,540
64Serbia$95,116
65Sri Lanka$90,374
66Tunisia$73,598
67Syria$69,182
68Cote d'Ivoire$51,264
69Oman$32,312
70Bulgaria$29,094
71Jamaica$15,039
72Lithuania$11,861
73Panama$10,394
74Estonia$9,430
75Albania$9,010
76Bosnia and Herzegovina$6,950
77Qatar$5,571
78Latvia$3,896
79Guyana$3,102
80Guatemala$2,705
81Malawi$1,611
82Bahrain$1,543
83Senegal$1,427
84Uganda$1,401
85Cambodia$775
86El Salvador$485
87Ecuador$412
88Zimbabwe$175
89Armenia$159
90Kyrgyzstan$53
91Paraguay$35
92New Caledonia$27
93Bhutan$25
94Togo$4
Country2005200620072008200920102011
Albania$1,742$18,233$44,233$39,043$3,841$9,010$27,524
Algeria$514,206$362,482$610,951$694,745$564,631$652,142$951,975
Argentina$1,911,077$3,140,994$3,320,610$4,217,407$6,242,324$4,775,136$8,659,460
Armenia  $7,619 $50$159$70
Australia  $1,103,574$2,339,359$1,773,077$3,072,890$5,046,516
Austria$479,286$479,378$359,248$346,434$165,013$416,326 
Azerbaijan  $273 $102  
Bahamas, The$66$7,831$91,838$112$458 $475
Bahrain$5,322  $13,130 $1,543$2,761
Bangladesh$29,496$2,452$2,689    
Belarus$20,100$133,000$667,900$475,300$256,700$924,600$1,172,000
Belgium$7,611,713$8,052,824$9,040,234$6,121,737$5,088,086$11,349,025$12,393,737
Bhutan$56  $31 $25 
Bolivia    $50  
Bosnia and Herzegovina$6,414$4,246$25,896$22,800$4,892$6,950$714
Botswana   $456  $81
Brazil$406,085$570,726$397,629$263,416$393,779$1,287,073$4,858,983
Bulgaria$35,977$35,328$23,605$19,877$6,639$29,094$41,799
Burundi$49      
Cambodia    $242$775 
Cameroon $13,445$2,608 $156  
Canada$4,755,255$4,879,977$4,766,750$4,232,076$2,970,992$4,287,505$6,009,243
Cape Verde $1,264     
Chile$943,449$1,009,295$920,345$752,688$576,538$1,334,206$1,927,826
China$2,280,942$3,655,840$3,199,584$2,604,421$2,739,910$2,420,150$3,123,753
Colombia$1,544,025$2,186,010$980,452$1,887,899$1,325,506$897,824$2,059,744
Comoros$180      
Costa Rica$304,107$249,908$333,617$431,314$375,119$651,477$221,044
Cote d'Ivoire$82,766$171,690$162,327$222,654$56,154$51,264$123,928
Croatia$186,479$127,356$85,553$115,356$88,157$116,707$166,313
Cuba $11,068     
Cyprus$39,898$44,466$42,758$49,156$10,561$205,813$530,289
Czech Republic$1,419,855$414,190$544,486$770,290$666,632$716,338$558,748
Denmark$6,300,430$6,719,746$7,188,451$7,867,072$6,760,650$1,393,089$1,618,768
Dominican Republic$6 $540    
Ecuador$5,591$189 $13 $412$136,422
Egypt$560,025$104,494$188,607$4,896,515$4,060,926$7,702,407$11,633,698
El Salvador $13,954$64,111$72,841 $485 
Estonia$1,441$4,815$257,053$110,092$461$9,430$514
Ethiopia$6,317  $10,970$78  
Faroe Islands$2,326$2,527$2,006$3,239$2,214  
Fiji  $2,040    
Finland$1,938,250$1,359,770$2,847,566$2,788,508$1,789,867$3,069,255$3,122,395
France$20,295,336$23,629,409$23,599,198$19,712,351$14,436,139$23,496,722$30,468,046
Gabon$24,864$19,306$531 $18,987  
Gambia, The      $7,451
Georgia$3,017 $2,273    
Germany$41,526,000$45,031,000$46,115,000$55,928,000$46,699,000$53,594,584$71,044,000
Ghana $5,444 $62   
Greece$149,111$80,950$361,808$265,237$184,691$220,028$49,808
Guatemala$9,542$5,272$6,351$35 $2,705$15,330
Guyana    $1,677$3,102 
Honduras$14,325$3,038  $1,906  
Hong Kong$155,290$20,165$48,629$7,927$12,677  
Hungary$315,000$394,000$387,000$418,000$281,000$384,000$474,000
Iceland  $114   $52
India$645,868$651,500$983,332$1,530,991$2,136,918$4,551,701$3,999,477
Indonesia$2,871,453$3,161,084$2,871,711$4,061,107$3,682,352$5,467,273$5,503,817
Iran$950,550$651,086   $952,935 
Ireland$4,057,494$4,650,741$4,285,507$5,040,576$6,752,103$8,017,416$12,469,175
Israel$1,306,000$1,032,000$2,383,000$1,688,000$985,000$1,274,000$3,390,000
Italy$24,284,034$32,597,421$34,519,976$31,885,457$26,088,457$42,800,649$58,162,449
Jamaica$2,619$17,175$7,385$17,739$5,760$15,039 
Japan$10,900,876$14,360,034$15,400,437$17,590,305$16,916,125$26,679,326$43,227,420
Jordan$262,268$362,633$454,194$284,943$102,401$419,680$135,531
Kazakhstan$23,663$3,608$21$4,167$20,643  
Kenya $137,366$222,978$310,243$473,909$733,688 
Kiribati    $900  
Korea, South$2,660,534$3,382,955$4,696,363$4,649,488$4,357,527$8,505,852$7,788,148
Kuwait $1,320$377$517   
Kyrgyzstan$178$247$1,464  $53$88
Latvia$980$428$1,807$625$3,351$3,896$5,096
Lebanon$45,000$157,313$332,743$193,110$183,154$359,433$338,065
Lithuania$3,521$6,583$14,407$27,907$12,605$11,861$13,184
Luxembourg$1,816$1,468,353$4,904,682$6,378,129$4,994,995$6,860,990$9,673,802
Macau$584$58,237$31,152$17,339$15,320  
Macedonia  $5,047$13,293$5,935  
Madagascar$1,488$1,340$1,612    
Malawi$730$797$54$64 $1,611 
Malaysia$1,307,905$1,911,832$2,221,432$1,710,071$1,555,861$2,399,374$3,244,557
Malta$1,388   $2,563  
Mauritius$518$516     
Mayotte  $48    
Mexico$6,091,061$6,859,893$6,963,026$11,149,295$10,044,201$14,054,213$20,843,090
Moldova$4,586 $7,817    
Montenegro   $196   
Morocco$281,600$177,227$144,502$169,828$240,689$213,570 
Mozambique$31,035$50,968$10,963    
Namibia $139$546    
Nepal    $22,831  
Netherlands$3,076,846$4,472,422$6,472,817$13,980,442$8,185,116$20,424,796 
New Caledonia     $27 
New Zealand$165,957$113,615$158,836$161,429$81,700$720,747$1,820,619
Nicaragua$190     $7,830
Nigeria $170,603$340,879$1,408,411$286,774$225,902 
Norway$829,811$769,629$618,021$410,055$623,385$1,590,277$2,516,960
Oman$49,264$11,683$65,693$59,808$29,402$32,312 
Pakistan$176,121$311,399$313,590$702,250$414,644$807,808$872,698
Panama $179,464$27,105$266,376$90,945$10,394$431,835
Paraguay  $82 $79$35$160
Peru$248,318$286,208$302,092$345,695$366,219$551,973$510,297
Philippines$266,244$152,544$527,467$473,707$409,623$483,637$454,230
Poland$1,287,380$1,579,591$1,695,896$2,571,479$2,520,996$5,882,942$7,307,525
Portugal$446,347$597,723$1,165,282$1,805,563$1,593,760$2,224,078$27,243,696
Qatar$27,815$43,417$15,272$35,231 $5,571 
Romania$470,933$309,513$170,305$398,497$352,247$240,651$89,698
Russia$1,469,467$3,384,239$4,023,750$2,257,951$2,227,584$3,033,752$3,565,757
Rwanda$6,192$894     
Saint Lucia$24      
Saudi Arabia$174,118$502,973$1,530,877  $4,580,272 
Senegal$7,567$16,226   $1,427 
Serbia$107,265$121,926$45,668$45,205$34,552$95,116$74,725
Seychelles  $169    
Singapore$719,601$560,136$786,957$590,169$866,440$592,412$584,453
Slovakia$361,955$362,016$394,261$77,090$71,767$103,540$150,144
Slovenia$535,805$532,323$791,331$854,502$586,263$1,181,770$1,206,790
South Africa$2,176,876$3,109,811$3,909,729$3,568,347$2,754,416$3,944,687$4,931,314
Spain$10,891,264$13,966,757$16,898,478$16,222,251$13,076,276$19,227,589 
Sri Lanka$9,645$16,676$12,959$10,910$30,379$90,374$147,782
Sudan    $15,796  
Swaziland$421,523$219,228$873,067    
Sweden$1,062,227$3,089,331$2,912,500$3,340,217$2,013,449$8,382,175$15,007,826
Switzerland$4,201,036$6,577,307$6,565,907$4,259,131$2,464,921$3,200,118$3,822,407
Syria $29,598   $69,182 
Tanzania$615     $23,714
Thailand$375,907$431,270$471,435$526,848$759,843$758,497$947,604
Togo     $4 
Trinidad and Tobago $951  $628  
Tunisia$4,675$7,453$11,200$29,788$39,706$73,598 
Turkey$10,510,459$12,959,416$12,622,551$12,602,890$11,996,787$20,498,303$35,044,867
Uganda $490$809$2,437$1,923$1,401 
Ukraine $18,343$28,231$168,450$83,005$124,601$210,237
United Arab Emirates$1,543,336 $2,890,828$2,168,200   
United Kingdom$22,149,379$24,541,629$32,944,820$32,815,527$32,285,204$29,028,963$42,734,749
United States$9,967,015$12,393,375$18,656,163$14,160,909$13,143,674$17,814,761$22,025,549
Vanuatu $134     
Venezuela$666,000$503,042$795,916$635,864$947,237$742,730$517,467
Vietnam$303,967$289,105$224,987$512,247$769,459$1,048,150 
Yemen$1,196     $70,892
Zambia$23$1,669$301 $422  
Zimbabwe  $142$6,534 $175