Netherlands

Netherlands Nederland (Dutch)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Je maintiendrai" (French) "I will maintain"
Anthem: "Wilhelmus van Nassouwe" (Dutch) "William of Nassau"
Location of the European part of the Netherlands (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)
Location of the Caribbean municipalities (green)
Capital and largest city	Amsterdam^[a] 52°22′N4°53′E / 52.367°N 4.883°E / 52.367; 4.883
Government seat	The Hague^[a]
Official languages	Dutch
Co-official^[b]	English Papiamentu West Frisian
Recognised^[c]	Dutch Low Saxon Limburgish Sinte Romani Yiddish
Ethnic groups (2019)^[2]	76.4% Dutch 10.0% Other Europeans 2.37% Turks 2.33% Moroccans 2.08% Moluccans, Indonesians and Malays 2.05% Surinamese 0.57% Syrian 1.4% Other
Religion (2016)^[3]	50.1% No religion 43.8% Christianity —23.7% Catholicism —18.1% Protestantism —2.0% Other Christian 4.9% Islam 1.2% Others
Demonym(s)	Dutch
Sovereign state	Kingdom of the Netherlands
Government	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy

• Monarch	Willem-Alexander
• Prime Minister	Mark Rutte
• Deputy Prime Ministers	Hugo de Jonge Kajsa Ollongren Carola Schouten
• Vice President of the Council of State	Thom de Graaf

Legislature	States General
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	House of Representatives
Independence from Habsburg Spain

• Proclaimed	26 July 1581
• Recognised	30 January 1648
• Kingdom established	16 March 1815
• Liberation Day	5 May 1945
• Charter	15 December 1954
• Caribbean incorporation	10 October 2010

Area
• Total	41,865^[4]^[5] km² (16,164 sq mi) (131st)
• Water (%)	10.32 (as of 2015)^[6]
Population
• 2020 estimate	17,418,808 ^[7] (68th)
• Density	521/km² (1,349.4/sq mi) (16th)
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$1.004 trillion^[8] (28th)
• Per capita	$58,255^[8] (13th)
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$914 billion^[8] (17th)
• Per capita	$53,016^[8] (13th)
Gini (2019)	26.6^[9] low · 15th
HDI (2018)	0.933^[10] very high · 10th
Currency	Euro (€, EUR) US dollar ($, USD)^[d]
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET) UTC−4 (AST)^[e]
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST) UTC−4 (AST)
	Note: Even though the European Netherlands are located within the UTC±0 longitudes, the country adopted UTC+1 (Central European Time) as its standard time under German occupation on 2 November 1942, with a +0:40:28 offset (+1:40:28 during DST) from Amsterdam’s LMT (UTC+0:19:32).^[12]
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy
Mains electricity	230 V–50 Hz
Driving side	right
Calling code	+31, +599^[f]
ISO 3166 code	NL
Internet TLD	.nl, .bq^[g]

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Contents

Introduction

Geography

Demographics

Government

Economy

Energy

Telecommunications

Transportation

Military

Transnational Issues

Environment

Health

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