Vietnam - Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports)

Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports) in Vietnam was 24.72 as of 2020. Its highest value over the past 60 years was 66.98 in 1971, while its lowest value was 1.13 in 1986.

Definition: Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to other low- and middle-income economies in the same World Bank region as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data. No figures are shown for high-income economies, because they are a separate category in the World Bank classification of economies.

Source: World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.

See also:

Year Value
1960 10.38
1961 9.16
1962 4.03
1971 66.98
1972 36.07
1973 28.48
1981 1.47
1982 3.70
1983 4.75
1984 3.99
1985 1.43
1986 1.13
1987 1.25
1988 1.29
1989 2.59
1990 6.46
1991 5.44
1992 9.25
1993 13.35
1994 14.70
1995 13.98
1996 11.14
1997 13.60
1998 18.57
1999 20.74
2000 22.61
2001 19.46
2002 17.90
2003 18.91
2004 20.58
2005 21.68
2006 20.20
2007 19.58
2008 19.86
2009 20.02
2010 22.17
2011 24.01
2012 24.58
2013 22.56
2014 21.25
2015 19.75
2016 21.15
2017 25.49
2018 26.32
2019 24.48
2020 24.72

Development Relevance: The relative importance of intraregional trade is higher for both landlocked countries and small countries with close trade links to the largest regional economy. For most low- and middle-income economies - especially smaller ones - there is a "geographic bias" favoring intraregional trade. Despite the broad trend toward globalization and the reduction of trade barriers, the relative share of intraregional trade increased for most economies between 1999 and 2010. This is due partly to trade-related advantages, such as proximity, lower transport costs, increased knowledge from repeated interaction, and cultural and historical affinity. The direction of trade is also influenced by preferential trade agreements that a country has made with other economies. Though formal agreements on trade liberalization do not automatically increase trade, they nevertheless affect the direction of trade between the participating economies.

Limitations and Exceptions: Data on exports and imports are from the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) Direction of Trade database and should be broadly consistent with data from other sources, such as the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. All high-income economies and major low- and middle-income economies report trade data to the IMF on a timely basis, covering about 85 percent of trade for recent years. Trade data for less timely reporters and for countries that do not report are estimated using reports of trading partner countries. Therefore, data on trade between developing and high-income economies should be generally complete. But trade flows between many low- and middle-income economies - particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa - are not well recorded, and the value of trade among low- and middle-income economies may be understated.

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual

Classification

Topic: Private Sector & Trade Indicators

Sub-Topic: Exports