Tonga - GNI, Atlas method (current US$)

The latest value for GNI, Atlas method (current US$) in Tonga was $549,077,700 as of 2020. Over the past 37 years, the value for this indicator has fluctuated between $549,077,700 in 2020 and $64,274,700 in 1983.

Definition: GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Source: World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.

See also:

Year Value
1983 $64,274,700
1984 $64,470,160
1985 $67,243,660
1986 $72,738,490
1987 $81,596,700
1988 $100,920,600
1989 $109,810,700
1990 $116,412,700
1991 $128,255,100
1992 $138,154,400
1993 $146,334,100
1994 $174,557,000
1995 $200,257,200
1996 $228,425,800
1997 $225,684,100
1998 $217,324,600
1999 $211,140,600
2000 $203,910,000
2001 $199,584,600
2002 $198,518,800
2003 $198,775,300
2004 $216,510,800
2005 $243,026,900
2006 $276,586,100
2007 $297,776,800
2008 $338,177,000
2009 $330,428,100
2010 $350,797,300
2011 $394,229,200
2012 $444,190,100
2013 $462,430,900
2014 $464,324,900
2015 $447,038,200
2016 $446,082,300
2017 $468,564,200
2018 $495,582,200
2019 $538,366,800
2020 $549,077,700

Development Relevance: Because development encompasses many factors - economic, environmental, cultural, educational, and institutional - no single measure gives a complete picture. However, the total earnings of the residents of an economy, measured by its gross national income (GNI), is a good measure of its capacity to provide for the well-being of its people.

Statistical Concept and Methodology: In calculating GNI and GNI per capita in U.S. dollars for certain operational purposes, the World Bank uses the Atlas conversion factor. The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in the cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years, adjusted for the difference between the rate of inflation in the country and that in Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Euro area. A country's inflation rate is measured by the change in its GDP deflator. The inflation rate for Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Euro area, representing international inflation, is measured by the change in the SDR deflator. (Special drawing rights, or SDRs, are the International Monetary Fund's unit of account.) The SDR deflator is calculated as a weighted average of these countries' GDP deflators in SDR terms, the weights being the amount of each country's currency in one SDR unit. Weights vary over time because both the composition of the SDR and the relative exchange rates for each currency change. The SDR deflator is calculated in SDR terms first and then converted to U.S. dollars using the SDR to dollar Atlas conversion factor. The Atlas conversion factor is then applied to a country's GNI. The resulting GNI in U.S. dollars is divided by the midyear population to derive GNI per capita. The World Bank systematically assesses the appropriateness of official exchange rates as conversion factors. An alternative conversion factor is used in the Atlas formula when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate effectively applied to domestic transactions of foreign currencies and traded products. This applies to only a small number of countries, as shown in the country-level metadata. Alternative conversion factors are used in the Atlas methodology and elsewhere in World Development Indicators as single-year conversion factors.

Aggregation method: Gap-filled total

Periodicity: Annual

Classification

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt Indicators

Sub-Topic: National accounts