Tonga - Gross capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross capital formation (% of GDP) in Tonga was 24.82 as of 2020. Its highest value over the past 45 years was 36.77 in 2012, while its lowest value was 16.74 in 1991.

Definition: Gross capital formation (formerly gross domestic investment) consists of outlays on additions to the fixed assets of the economy plus net changes in the level of inventories. Fixed assets include land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. Inventories are stocks of goods held by firms to meet temporary or unexpected fluctuations in production or sales, and "work in progress." According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation.

Source: World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.

See also:

Year Value
1975 27.59
1976 19.67
1977 20.20
1978 29.51
1979 31.17
1980 30.06
1981 29.56
1982 31.22
1983 29.35
1984 23.94
1985 26.38
1986 24.13
1987 22.17
1988 23.17
1989 20.45
1990 18.49
1991 16.74
1992 17.73
1993 18.09
1994 20.60
1995 26.26
1996 26.12
1997 17.69
1998 20.62
1999 19.61
2000 20.52
2001 24.52
2002 25.01
2003 21.17
2004 20.86
2005 22.48
2006 21.25
2007 21.85
2008 21.12
2009 25.00
2010 30.31
2011 35.56
2012 36.77
2013 23.97
2014 22.65
2015 25.39
2016 24.71
2017 27.88
2018 24.73
2019 25.37
2020 24.82

Limitations and Exceptions: Because policymakers have tended to focus on fostering the growth of output, and because data on production are easier to collect than data on spending, many countries generate their primary estimate of GDP using the production approach. Moreover, many countries do not estimate all the components of national expenditures but instead derive some of the main aggregates indirectly using GDP (based on the production approach) as the control total. Data on capital formation may be estimated from direct surveys of enterprises and administrative records or based on the commodity flow method using data from production, trade, and construction activities. The quality of data on government fixed capital formation depends on the quality of government accounting systems (which tend to be weak in developing countries). Measures of fixed capital formation by households and corporations - particularly capital outlays by small, unincorporated enterprises - are usually unreliable. Estimates of changes in inventories are rarely complete but usually include the most important activities or commodities. In some countries these estimates are derived as a composite residual along with household final consumption expenditure. According to national accounts conventions, adjustments should be made for appreciation of the value of inventory holdings due to price changes, but this is not always done. In highly inflationary economies this element can be substantial.

Statistical Concept and Methodology: Gross domestic product (GDP) from the expenditure side is made up of household final consumption expenditure, general government final consumption expenditure, gross capital formation (private and public investment in fixed assets, changes in inventories, and net acquisitions of valuables), and net exports (exports minus imports) of goods and services. Such expenditures are recorded in purchaser prices and include net taxes on products.

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual

Classification

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt Indicators

Sub-Topic: National accounts