Contributing family workers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) - Country Ranking - Europe

Definition: Contributing family workers are those workers who hold "self-employment jobs" as own-account workers in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.

Source: International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database. Data retrieved in September 2019.

See also: Thematic map, Time series comparison

Find indicator:
Rank Country Value Year
1 Albania 16.76 2019
2 Turkey 4.41 2019
3 Romania 4.28 2019
4 North Macedonia 3.43 2019
5 Serbia 2.35 2019
6 Greece 1.95 2019
7 Montenegro 1.83 2019
8 Moldova 1.81 2019
9 Slovenia 1.52 2019
10 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.44 2019
11 Poland 1.40 2019
12 Switzerland 1.30 2019
13 Austria 1.04 2019
14 Croatia 1.00 2019
14 Italy 1.00 2019
16 Latvia 0.74 2019
17 Luxembourg 0.67 2019
18 Cyprus 0.66 2019
19 Belgium 0.50 2019
20 Lithuania 0.46 2019
21 Ireland 0.44 2019
22 Finland 0.42 2019
23 Bulgaria 0.39 2019
24 United Kingdom 0.36 2019
25 Spain 0.33 2019
26 Portugal 0.32 2019
27 Denmark 0.30 2019
28 Iceland 0.26 2019
29 Ukraine 0.23 2019
30 Sweden 0.22 2019
31 Czech Republic 0.20 2019
32 Germany 0.18 2019
32 Netherlands 0.18 2019
34 Hungary 0.15 2019
35 France 0.14 2019
35 Estonia 0.14 2019
37 Norway 0.10 2019
38 Slovak Republic 0.09 2019
39 Malta 0.07 2019
40 Belarus 0.03 2019

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Development Relevance: Breaking down employment information by status in employment provides a statistical basis for describing workers' behaviour and conditions of work, and for defining an individual's socio-economic group. A high proportion of wage and salaried workers in a country can signify advanced economic development. If the proportion of own-account workers (self-employed without hired employees) is sizeable, it may be an indication of a large agriculture sector and low growth in the formal economy. A high proportion of contributing family workers — generally unpaid, although compensation might come indirectly in the form of family income — may indicate weak development, little job growth, and often a large rural economy. Each status group faces different economic risks, and contributing family workers and own-account workers are the most vulnerable - and therefore the most likely to fall into poverty. They are the least likely to have formal work arrangements, are the least likely to have social protection and safety nets to guard against economic shocks, and often are incapable of generating sufficient savings to offset these shocks.

Limitations and Exceptions: Data are drawn from labor force surveys and household surveys, supplemented by official estimates and censuses for a small group of countries. Due to differences in definitions and coverage across countries, there are limitations for comparing data across countries and over time even within a country. Estimates of women in employment are not comparable internationally, reflecting that demographic, social, legal, and cultural trends and norms determine whether women's activities are regarded as economic.

Statistical Concept and Methodology: The indicator of status in employment distinguishes between two categories of the total employed. These are: (a) wage and salaried workers (also known as employees); and (b) self-employed workers. Self-employed group is broken down in the subcategories: self-employed workers with employees (employers), self-employed workers without employees (own-account workers), members of producers' cooperatives and contributing family workers (also known as unpaid family workers). Vulnerable employment refers to the sum of contributing family workers and own-account workers. The series is part of the ILO estimates and is harmonized to ensure comparability across countries and over time by accounting for differences in data source, scope of coverage, methodology, and other country-specific factors. The estimates are based mainly on nationally representative labor force surveys, with other sources (population censuses and nationally reported estimates) used only when no survey data are available.

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual