Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in: rate varies by country) - Country Ranking
Definition: Life time risk of maternal death is the probability that a 15-year-old female will die eventually from a maternal cause assuming that current levels of fertility and mortality (including maternal mortality) do not change in the future, taking into account competing causes of death.
Source: WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, and the United Nations Population Division. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 2000 to 2017. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2019
See also: Thematic map, Time series comparison
| Rank | Country | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Italy | 51,300.00 | 2017 |
| 2 | Poland | 30,300.00 | 2017 |
| 3 | Greece | 26,900.00 | 2017 |
| 4 | Norway | 25,700.00 | 2017 |
| 5 | Belarus | 23,800.00 | 2017 |
| 6 | Spain | 21,500.00 | 2017 |
| 7 | Finland | 20,900.00 | 2017 |
| 8 | United Arab Emirates | 17,900.00 | 2017 |
| 8 | Czech Republic | 17,900.00 | 2017 |
| 10 | Japan | 16,700.00 | 2017 |
| 11 | Denmark | 16,200.00 | 2017 |
| 12 | Iceland | 14,400.00 | 2017 |
| 13 | Luxembourg | 14,300.00 | 2017 |
| 14 | Switzerland | 13,900.00 | 2017 |
| 15 | Austria | 13,500.00 | 2017 |
| 16 | Slovak Republic | 12,600.00 | 2017 |
| 16 | Sweden | 12,600.00 | 2017 |
| 18 | Netherlands | 11,900.00 | 2017 |
| 19 | Ireland | 11,300.00 | 2017 |
| 20 | Belgium | 11,200.00 | 2017 |
| 21 | Cyprus | 11,000.00 | 2017 |
| 22 | Israel | 10,800.00 | 2017 |
| 23 | Portugal | 10,700.00 | 2017 |
| 24 | Malta | 10,200.00 | 2017 |
| 25 | Singapore | 9,900.00 | 2017 |
| 25 | Montenegro | 9,900.00 | 2017 |
| 27 | Germany | 9,400.00 | 2017 |
| 28 | Slovenia | 9,300.00 | 2017 |
| 29 | Croatia | 9,100.00 | 2017 |
| 30 | North Macedonia | 9,000.00 | 2017 |
| 31 | United Kingdom | 8,400.00 | 2017 |
| 32 | Korea | 8,300.00 | 2017 |
| 33 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 8,200.00 | 2017 |
| 33 | Australia | 8,200.00 | 2017 |
| 35 | Lithuania | 7,500.00 | 2017 |
| 36 | France | 7,200.00 | 2017 |
| 37 | Bulgaria | 7,000.00 | 2017 |
| 38 | Estonia | 6,900.00 | 2017 |
| 39 | Hungary | 6,200.00 | 2017 |
| 40 | Canada | 6,100.00 | 2017 |
| 40 | New Zealand | 6,100.00 | 2017 |
| 42 | Serbia | 5,800.00 | 2017 |
| 43 | Qatar | 5,000.00 | 2017 |
| 44 | Chile | 4,600.00 | 2017 |
| 45 | Turkmenistan | 4,400.00 | 2017 |
| 46 | Kuwait | 4,200.00 | 2017 |
| 47 | Puerto Rico | 4,000.00 | 2017 |
| 48 | Moldova | 3,900.00 | 2017 |
| 49 | Albania | 3,800.00 | 2017 |
| 50 | Ukraine | 3,700.00 | 2017 |
| 51 | Romania | 3,600.00 | 2017 |
| 52 | Kazakhstan | 3,500.00 | 2017 |
| 53 | Russia | 3,100.00 | 2017 |
| 53 | Latvia | 3,100.00 | 2017 |
| 55 | United States | 3,000.00 | 2017 |
| 55 | Bahrain | 3,000.00 | 2017 |
| 57 | Uruguay | 2,900.00 | 2017 |
| 58 | Turkey | 2,800.00 | 2017 |
| 59 | Iran | 2,600.00 | 2017 |
| 60 | Barbados | 2,400.00 | 2017 |
| 61 | Saudi Arabia | 2,300.00 | 2017 |
| 62 | China | 2,100.00 | 2017 |
| 63 | Armenia | 2,000.00 | 2017 |
| 64 | Costa Rica | 1,900.00 | 2017 |
| 64 | Georgia | 1,900.00 | 2017 |
| 64 | Thailand | 1,900.00 | 2017 |
| 67 | Cuba | 1,800.00 | 2017 |
| 68 | Azerbaijan | 1,700.00 | 2017 |
| 68 | Brunei | 1,700.00 | 2017 |
| 68 | Grenada | 1,700.00 | 2017 |
| 71 | Oman | 1,600.00 | 2017 |
| 71 | Lebanon | 1,600.00 | 2017 |
| 71 | Malaysia | 1,600.00 | 2017 |
| 74 | Tajikistan | 1,400.00 | 2017 |
| 75 | Sri Lanka | 1,300.00 | 2017 |
| 75 | Mexico | 1,300.00 | 2017 |
| 77 | Mauritius | 1,200.00 | 2017 |
| 77 | Antigua and Barbuda | 1,200.00 | 2017 |
| 77 | Uzbekistan | 1,200.00 | 2017 |
| 80 | Vietnam | 1,100.00 | 2017 |
| 80 | Belize | 1,100.00 | 2017 |
| 80 | Argentina | 1,100.00 | 2017 |
| 83 | Syrian Arab Republic | 1,000.00 | 2017 |
| 83 | Fiji | 1,000.00 | 2017 |
| 85 | Tunisia | 970.00 | 2017 |
| 86 | El Salvador | 960.00 | 2017 |
| 87 | Brazil | 940.00 | 2017 |
| 88 | Trinidad and Tobago | 840.00 | 2017 |
| 89 | The Bahamas | 820.00 | 2017 |
| 90 | Seychelles | 790.00 | 2017 |
| 91 | St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 750.00 | 2017 |
| 91 | Panama | 750.00 | 2017 |
| 93 | Jordan | 730.00 | 2017 |
| 93 | Egypt | 730.00 | 2017 |
| 95 | Mongolia | 710.00 | 2017 |
| 96 | Cabo Verde | 670.00 | 2017 |
| 97 | Ecuador | 640.00 | 2017 |
| 98 | Colombia | 630.00 | 2017 |
| 99 | Dem. People's Rep. Korea | 620.00 | 2017 |
| 100 | Jamaica | 600.00 | 2017 |
| 101 | Libya | 590.00 | 2017 |
| 101 | Samoa | 590.00 | 2017 |
| 103 | St. Lucia | 580.00 | 2017 |
| 104 | Honduras | 560.00 | 2017 |
| 104 | Morocco | 560.00 | 2017 |
| 106 | Tonga | 540.00 | 2017 |
| 107 | Peru | 480.00 | 2017 |
| 107 | Kyrgyz Republic | 480.00 | 2017 |
| 109 | Dominican Republic | 410.00 | 2017 |
| 110 | Nicaragua | 380.00 | 2017 |
| 111 | Guatemala | 330.00 | 2017 |
| 111 | Vanuatu | 330.00 | 2017 |
| 111 | Suriname | 330.00 | 2017 |
| 111 | South Africa | 330.00 | 2017 |
| 111 | Venezuela | 330.00 | 2017 |
| 116 | Iraq | 320.00 | 2017 |
| 117 | Philippines | 300.00 | 2017 |
| 118 | India | 290.00 | 2017 |
| 118 | Kiribati | 290.00 | 2017 |
| 118 | Paraguay | 290.00 | 2017 |
| 121 | Algeria | 270.00 | 2017 |
| 122 | Bangladesh | 250.00 | 2017 |
| 122 | Bhutan | 250.00 | 2017 |
| 124 | Indonesia | 240.00 | 2017 |
| 125 | Nepal | 230.00 | 2017 |
| 126 | Guyana | 220.00 | 2017 |
| 126 | Cambodia | 220.00 | 2017 |
| 126 | Botswana | 220.00 | 2017 |
| 126 | Bolivia | 220.00 | 2017 |
| 130 | Solomon Islands | 200.00 | 2017 |
| 131 | Papua New Guinea | 190.00 | 2017 |
| 131 | Myanmar | 190.00 | 2017 |
| 133 | Lao PDR | 180.00 | 2017 |
| 133 | Pakistan | 180.00 | 2017 |
| 135 | São Tomé and Principe | 170.00 | 2017 |
| 135 | Timor-Leste | 170.00 | 2017 |
| 137 | Yemen | 150.00 | 2017 |
| 138 | Djibouti | 140.00 | 2017 |
| 138 | Namibia | 140.00 | 2017 |
| 140 | Rwanda | 94.00 | 2017 |
| 141 | Gabon | 93.00 | 2017 |
| 141 | Zambia | 93.00 | 2017 |
| 143 | Comoros | 83.00 | 2017 |
| 144 | Ghana | 82.00 | 2017 |
| 145 | Kenya | 76.00 | 2017 |
| 146 | Sudan | 75.00 | 2017 |
| 147 | Eswatini | 72.00 | 2017 |
| 148 | Angola | 69.00 | 2017 |
| 149 | Haiti | 67.00 | 2017 |
| 149 | Equatorial Guinea | 67.00 | 2017 |
| 149 | Mozambique | 67.00 | 2017 |
| 152 | Madagascar | 66.00 | 2017 |
| 153 | Senegal | 65.00 | 2017 |
| 154 | Malawi | 60.00 | 2017 |
| 155 | Congo | 58.00 | 2017 |
| 155 | Lesotho | 58.00 | 2017 |
| 157 | Burkina Faso | 57.00 | 2017 |
| 158 | Togo | 56.00 | 2017 |
| 159 | Zimbabwe | 55.00 | 2017 |
| 159 | Ethiopia | 55.00 | 2017 |
| 161 | Benin | 49.00 | 2017 |
| 161 | Uganda | 49.00 | 2017 |
| 163 | Eritrea | 46.00 | 2017 |
| 164 | Cameroon | 40.00 | 2017 |
| 165 | Tanzania | 36.00 | 2017 |
| 166 | Guinea | 35.00 | 2017 |
| 167 | Dem. Rep. Congo | 34.00 | 2017 |
| 167 | Côte d'Ivoire | 34.00 | 2017 |
| 169 | Burundi | 33.00 | 2017 |
| 169 | Afghanistan | 33.00 | 2017 |
| 171 | Guinea-Bissau | 32.00 | 2017 |
| 171 | Liberia | 32.00 | 2017 |
| 173 | The Gambia | 31.00 | 2017 |
| 174 | Mali | 29.00 | 2017 |
| 175 | Mauritania | 28.00 | 2017 |
| 176 | Niger | 27.00 | 2017 |
| 177 | Central African Republic | 25.00 | 2017 |
| 178 | Nigeria | 21.00 | 2017 |
| 179 | Sierra Leone | 20.00 | 2017 |
| 179 | Somalia | 20.00 | 2017 |
| 181 | Chad | 15.00 | 2017 |
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Limitations and Exceptions: The methodology differs from that used for previous estimates, so data should not be compared historically. Maternal mortality ratios are generally of unknown reliability, as are many other cause-specific mortality indicators. The probability cannot be assumed to provide an exact estimate of risk of maternal death.
Statistical Concept and Methodology: Reproductive health is a state of physical and mental well-being in relation to the reproductive system and its functions and processes. Means of achieving reproductive health include education and services during pregnancy and childbirth, safe and effective contraception, and prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death and disability among women of reproductive age in developing countries. Maternal mortality is generally of unknown reliability, as are many other cause-specific mortality indicators. Household surveys such as Demographic and Health Surveys attempt to measure maternal mortality by asking respondents about survivorship of sisters. The main disadvantage of this method is that the estimates of maternal mortality that it produces pertain to any time within the past few years before the survey, making them unsuitable for monitoring recent changes or observing the impact of interventions. In addition, measurement of maternal mortality is subject to many types of errors. Even in high-income countries with reliable vital registration systems, misclassification of maternal deaths has been found to lead to serious underestimation. The estimates are based on an exercise by the Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group (MMEIG) which consists of World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Bank, and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and include country-level time series data. For countries without complete registration data but with other types of data and for countries with no data, maternal mortality is estimated with a regression model using available national maternal mortality data and socioeconomic information. In countries with a high risk of maternal death, many girls die before reaching reproductive age. Lifetime risk of maternal mortality refers to the probability that a 15-year-old girl will eventually die due to a maternal cause.
Aggregation method: Weighted average
Periodicity: Annual
