France - Research and development expenditure
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in France was 2.19 as of 2018. Its highest value over the past 22 years was 2.28 in 2014, while its lowest value was 2.02 in 2007.
Definition: Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/)
See also:
| Year | Value |
|---|---|
| 1996 | 2.22 |
| 1997 | 2.15 |
| 1998 | 2.09 |
| 1999 | 2.11 |
| 2000 | 2.09 |
| 2001 | 2.14 |
| 2002 | 2.17 |
| 2003 | 2.12 |
| 2004 | 2.09 |
| 2005 | 2.05 |
| 2006 | 2.05 |
| 2007 | 2.02 |
| 2008 | 2.06 |
| 2009 | 2.21 |
| 2010 | 2.18 |
| 2011 | 2.19 |
| 2012 | 2.23 |
| 2013 | 2.24 |
| 2014 | 2.28 |
| 2015 | 2.27 |
| 2016 | 2.22 |
| 2017 | 2.20 |
| 2018 | 2.19 |
Classification
Topic: Infrastructure Indicators
Sub-Topic: Technology
