Finland - Research and development expenditure
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in Finland was 2.76 as of 2018. Its highest value over the past 22 years was 3.73 in 2009, while its lowest value was 2.45 in 1996.
Definition: Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/)
See also:
| Year | Value |
|---|---|
| 1996 | 2.45 |
| 1997 | 2.62 |
| 1998 | 2.78 |
| 1999 | 3.06 |
| 2000 | 3.24 |
| 2001 | 3.19 |
| 2002 | 3.25 |
| 2003 | 3.30 |
| 2004 | 3.31 |
| 2005 | 3.32 |
| 2006 | 3.33 |
| 2007 | 3.34 |
| 2008 | 3.54 |
| 2009 | 3.73 |
| 2010 | 3.71 |
| 2011 | 3.62 |
| 2012 | 3.40 |
| 2013 | 3.27 |
| 2014 | 3.15 |
| 2015 | 2.87 |
| 2016 | 2.72 |
| 2017 | 2.73 |
| 2018 | 2.76 |
Classification
Topic: Infrastructure Indicators
Sub-Topic: Technology
