Eswatini - Gross capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross capital formation (% of GDP) in Eswatini was 12.82 as of 2020. Its highest value over the past 60 years was 47.91 in 1978, while its lowest value was 11.82 in 2012.

Definition: Gross capital formation (formerly gross domestic investment) consists of outlays on additions to the fixed assets of the economy plus net changes in the level of inventories. Fixed assets include land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. Inventories are stocks of goods held by firms to meet temporary or unexpected fluctuations in production or sales, and "work in progress." According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation.

Source: World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.

See also:

Year Value
1960 19.16
1961 23.43
1962 31.70
1963 34.92
1964 37.92
1965 28.69
1966 26.59
1967 23.41
1968 19.65
1969 16.33
1970 23.11
1971 19.89
1972 21.38
1973 20.14
1974 23.85
1975 18.58
1976 22.19
1977 26.93
1978 47.91
1979 42.69
1980 40.65
1981 31.04
1982 30.19
1983 32.78
1984 28.70
1985 26.22
1986 19.96
1987 14.86
1988 23.55
1989 23.93
1990 15.11
1991 15.65
1992 19.72
1993 18.06
1994 17.35
1995 16.02
1996 17.03
1997 17.22
1998 19.10
1999 16.68
2000 23.54
2001 23.69
2002 21.41
2003 19.29
2004 19.37
2005 17.35
2006 16.47
2007 16.04
2008 15.70
2009 15.38
2010 14.48
2011 12.90
2012 11.82
2013 12.22
2014 12.60
2015 12.51
2016 12.84
2017 12.83
2018 13.25
2019 13.57
2020 12.82

Limitations and Exceptions: Because policymakers have tended to focus on fostering the growth of output, and because data on production are easier to collect than data on spending, many countries generate their primary estimate of GDP using the production approach. Moreover, many countries do not estimate all the components of national expenditures but instead derive some of the main aggregates indirectly using GDP (based on the production approach) as the control total. Data on capital formation may be estimated from direct surveys of enterprises and administrative records or based on the commodity flow method using data from production, trade, and construction activities. The quality of data on government fixed capital formation depends on the quality of government accounting systems (which tend to be weak in developing countries). Measures of fixed capital formation by households and corporations - particularly capital outlays by small, unincorporated enterprises - are usually unreliable. Estimates of changes in inventories are rarely complete but usually include the most important activities or commodities. In some countries these estimates are derived as a composite residual along with household final consumption expenditure. According to national accounts conventions, adjustments should be made for appreciation of the value of inventory holdings due to price changes, but this is not always done. In highly inflationary economies this element can be substantial.

Statistical Concept and Methodology: Gross domestic product (GDP) from the expenditure side is made up of household final consumption expenditure, general government final consumption expenditure, gross capital formation (private and public investment in fixed assets, changes in inventories, and net acquisitions of valuables), and net exports (exports minus imports) of goods and services. Such expenditures are recorded in purchaser prices and include net taxes on products.

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual

Classification

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt Indicators

Sub-Topic: National accounts