Bolivia - Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports)

Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports) in Bolivia was 46.30 as of 2020. Its highest value over the past 60 years was 65.89 in 2013, while its lowest value was 1.76 in 1964.

Definition: Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to other low- and middle-income economies in the same World Bank region as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data. No figures are shown for high-income economies, because they are a separate category in the World Bank classification of economies.

Source: World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.

See also:

Year Value
1960 11.93
1961 8.27
1962 3.68
1963 3.36
1964 1.76
1965 2.12
1966 4.45
1967 7.49
1968 7.31
1969 8.06
1970 7.80
1971 9.93
1972 22.52
1973 26.34
1974 29.48
1975 35.93
1976 32.77
1977 24.44
1978 27.10
1979 25.95
1980 33.12
1981 42.67
1982 49.86
1983 54.09
1984 51.80
1985 59.11
1986 61.13
1987 54.52
1988 44.36
1989 39.72
1990 40.49
1991 46.44
1992 32.29
1993 34.92
1994 34.57
1995 32.57
1996 36.47
1997 38.05
1998 36.99
1999 29.37
2000 34.10
2001 48.16
2002 44.36
2003 50.72
2004 51.77
2005 58.69
2006 58.48
2007 55.09
2008 59.49
2009 51.36
2010 53.29
2011 54.49
2012 60.18
2013 65.89
2014 60.27
2015 56.68
2016 45.92
2017 44.11
2018 46.85
2019 44.65
2020 46.30

Development Relevance: The relative importance of intraregional trade is higher for both landlocked countries and small countries with close trade links to the largest regional economy. For most low- and middle-income economies - especially smaller ones - there is a "geographic bias" favoring intraregional trade. Despite the broad trend toward globalization and the reduction of trade barriers, the relative share of intraregional trade increased for most economies between 1999 and 2010. This is due partly to trade-related advantages, such as proximity, lower transport costs, increased knowledge from repeated interaction, and cultural and historical affinity. The direction of trade is also influenced by preferential trade agreements that a country has made with other economies. Though formal agreements on trade liberalization do not automatically increase trade, they nevertheless affect the direction of trade between the participating economies.

Limitations and Exceptions: Data on exports and imports are from the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) Direction of Trade database and should be broadly consistent with data from other sources, such as the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. All high-income economies and major low- and middle-income economies report trade data to the IMF on a timely basis, covering about 85 percent of trade for recent years. Trade data for less timely reporters and for countries that do not report are estimated using reports of trading partner countries. Therefore, data on trade between developing and high-income economies should be generally complete. But trade flows between many low- and middle-income economies - particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa - are not well recorded, and the value of trade among low- and middle-income economies may be understated.

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual

Classification

Topic: Private Sector & Trade Indicators

Sub-Topic: Exports