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This table presents detailed statistics on the United States' imports and exports of aluminum-vanadium master alloy, vanadium metal including waste and scrap, and vanadium ores and concentrates. These materials are critical to various industrial applications, including aerospace, steel manufacturing, and chemical production, due to vanadium’s properties such as strength enhancement and corrosion resistance. Tracking trade flows of these commodities provides insight into supply chain dynamics, domestic demand, and international market relationships, which are essential for economic planning, resource management, and assessing the competitiveness of the U.S. vanadium sector.
In 2023, U.S. imports of aluminum-vanadium master alloy increased substantially to 336,000 kilograms gross weight, with a vanadium content of 221,000 kilograms valued at $15.7 million, nearly doubling from the 149,000 kilograms gross weight and $6.87 million value reported in 2022. China was the dominant source, supplying 333,000 kilograms of the alloy valued at $15.3 million. Vanadium metal imports totaled 20,800 kilograms gross weight with 20,000 kilograms vanadium content, while vanadium ores and concentrates imports reached 2.2 million kilograms gross weight, containing 1.2 million kilograms of vanadium content valued at $9.77 million. Canada and Mexico were significant suppliers of ores and concentrates, with Canada providing 1.43 million kilograms gross weight and Mexico 767,000 kilograms. On the export side, total aluminum-vanadium master alloy shipments decreased to 64,600 kilograms valued at $3.65 million in 2023 from 50,400 kilograms valued at $2.51 million in 2022, with Japan receiving the largest share at 51,000 kilograms worth $1.94 million. Vanadium metal exports increased to 37,700 kilograms vanadium content valued at $1.57 million, while exports of vanadium ores and concentrates were 147,000 kilograms vanadium content valued at $720,000, indicating a shift toward exporting more refined forms of vanadium.
| TABLE 4 | ||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF ALUMINUM-VANADIUM MASTER ALLOY | ||||||||||||||||||
| AND VANADIUM METAL, INCLUDING WASTE AND SCRAP AND VANADIUM ORES AND CONCENTRATES1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| (Kilograms unless otherwise specified) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Aluminum-vanadium master alloy2 | Vanadium metal, including waste and scrap3 | Vanadium ores and concentrates4 | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross | Vanadium | Gross | Vanadium | Gross | Vanadium | |||||||||||||
| Country or locality | weight | content | Value | weight | content | Value | weight | content5 | Value | |||||||||
| Imports for consumption: | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 149000 | 104000 | 6870000 | 33600 | r | 27900 | r | 1930000 | r | 1690000 | 879000 | 7190000 | ||||||
| 2023: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Belgium | -- | -- | -- | 2 | 1 | 5950 | -- | -- | -- | |||||||||
| Canada | -- | -- | -- | 37 | 37 | 3650 | 1430000 | 743000 | 6160000 | |||||||||
| China | 333000 | 218000 | 15300000 | 1450 | 1220 | 94800 | 9 | 3 | 3400 | |||||||||
| France | -- | -- | -- | 27 | 23 | 10200 | -- | -- | -- | |||||||||
| Germany | 14 | 14 | 35400 | 19200 | 18700 | 1100000 | -- | -- | -- | |||||||||
| Japan | 1760 | 1410 | 96900 | 4 | 4 | 2520 | -- | -- | -- | |||||||||
| Korea, Republic of | -- | -- | -- | 54 | 49 | 4390 | -- | -- | -- | |||||||||
| Mexico | 439 | 439 | 20300 | -- | -- | -- | 767000 | 460000 | 3610000 | |||||||||
| Russia | 1200 | 1200 | 191000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |||||||||
| United Kingdom | 10 | 10 | 36200 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |||||||||
| Total | 336000 | 221000 | 15700000 | 20800 | 20000 | 1220000 | 2200000 | 1200000 | 9770000 | |||||||||
| Exports: | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 50400 | XX | 2510000 | XX | 7860 | 362000 | XX | 331000 | 1220000 | |||||||||
| 2023: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Australia | 2500 | NA | 96400 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |||||||||
| Belgium | 161 | NA | 6230 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |||||||||
| Canada | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | NA | 15900 | 224000 | |||||||||
| Colombia | 4 | NA | 3510 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |||||||||
| France | 6170 | NA | 581000 | NA | 370 | 14300 | NA | 519 | 6750 | |||||||||
| Germany | 628 | NA | 48800 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |||||||||
| Japan | 51000 | NA | 1940000 | NA | 19800 | 781000 | -- | -- | -- | |||||||||
| Latvia | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | NA | 3500 | 45500 | |||||||||
| Lithuania | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | NA | 127000 | 444000 | |||||||||
| Spain | 84 | NA | 3240 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |||||||||
| United Kingdom | 3660 | NA | 964000 | NA | 17500 | 779000 | -- | -- | -- | |||||||||
| Vietnam | 477 | NA | 7160 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |||||||||
| Total | 64600 | XX | 3650000 | XX | 37700 | 1570000 | XX | 147000 | 720000 | |||||||||
rRevised. NA Not available. XX Not applicable. -- Zero.
1Table includes data available through July 2, 2024. Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2Aluminum-vanadium master alloy consisting of 35% aluminum and 64.5% vanadium. Includes Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS) code and Schedule B number 8112.99.2000.
3Includes HTS code and Schedule B number 8112.92.7000.
4Includes HTS code and Schedule B number 2615.90.6090.
5Reported by the U.S. Census Bureau as metric tons of vanadium pentoxide equivalent. To convert to vanadium content, multiply reported data by 0.56.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; data adjusted by the U.S. Geological Survey.
Source: United States Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program
See also: Vanadium statistics | Mineral commodity prices