U.S. Imports For Consumption Of Principal Minerals And Products, Excluding Mineral Fuels

TABLE 8
U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION OF PRINCIPAL MINERALS AND PRODUCTS, EXCLUDING MINERAL FUELS1, 2

(Thousand metric tons, gross weight, and thousand dollars unless otherwise specified)

		2020				2021
Commodity		Quantity		Value3		Quantity		Value3
Metals:
Aluminum:
Crude, semicrude, and scrap	metric tons	4830000	r	10400000	r	5550000		16500000
Manufactures	do.	108000	r	439000	r	121000		556000
Antimony:
Ore and concentrates, Sb content	do.	105		735		31		282
Oxide, Sb content	do.	15000		83600		19100		160000
Unwrought, powders and articles	do.	5520		34100		7480		69500
Waste and scrap	do.	6		31		13		48
Arsenic:
Trioxide	do.	10000		5750		6140		4440
Arsenic sulfide	do.	2		15		1		4
Arsenic acid	do.	210	r	224	r	149		295
Metal	do.	522		1890		835		2080
Bauxite and alumina:
Bauxite:
Crude and dried		3180		96900	r, 5	3090		95800	5
Calcined, refractory and other grade		336		46600		455		84400
Alumina, calcined equivalent		1340		591000	r	1550		786000
Beryllium, ores and concentrates, oxide and hydroxide, unwrought	kilograms	47800		13000		48800		14700
including aritcles not elsewhere specifiedc, other, beryllium-copper
master alloy, beryllium-copper plates, sheets, and strip, Be content
Bismuth, metal, alloys, waste and scrap	do.	1650000		10500		1980000		15700
Cadmium:
Metal:
Unwrought metal and powders	do.	282000		1640		155000		792.688
Wrought and other articles	do.	2500		145.292		1510		553.247
Waste and scrap	do.	90500		266.705		84600		161.365
Oxide	do.	27500		371.536		14300		210.046
Sulfide	do.	4000		4.584		--		--
Pigments	do.	69400		1360		101000		1460
Chromium:
Chromite ore, Cr2O3 content	metric tons	83200		18000	r	107000		28700
Metals and alloys:
Ferroalloys (high-carbon, low-carbon), ferrochromium-silicon, Cr content	do.	202000		389000		243000		708000
Metal, unwrought powders, waste and scrap, other, gross weight	do.	11600		92300		12100		106000
Chemicals, gross weight:
Oxides, hydroxides, trioxide and other	do.	6590		20200	r	7280		23700
Sulfates	do.	389.063		337.626		518.552		1030
Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids, zinc and lead chromate,	do.	1780		5920		2350		6810
sodium dichromate, potassium dichromate, other
Carbide	do.	153.983		3110		162.068		4340
Pigments and preparations based on chromium, gross weight	do.	2280		16000		2510		19400
Cobalt, Co content:
Metal, unwrought, excluding alloys and waste and scrap, includes cathode	do.	8140		282000		7210		323000
and metal powder, may include intermediate products of metallurgy
Oxides and hydroxides	do.	910		30600		1600		74700
Other forms, includes acetates, carbonates, chlorides, sulfates	do.	689	r	23600	r	982		40400
Copper, Cu content:
Ore and concentrates	do.	2170		8140		11000		84600
Unmanufactured, does not include unalloyed scrap	do.	677000		4110000	r	921000		8540000
Scrap, unalloyed	do.	27600		122000		37700		196000
Semimanufactures, excludes sulfate, gross weight	do.	302000		2230000	r	362000		3630000
Sulfate, gross weight	do.	49800		95300		43300		117000
Ferroalloys not listed elsewhere:
Ferrophosphorus	do.	3690		2580		4590		3430
Other	do.	4380		9990		6460		17500
Gallium:
Unwrought metal and powders	kilograms	4430	r	1010	r	8890		2460
Gallium arsenide wafers, doped	do.	178000		157000		306000		207000
Germanium metal:
Unwrought	do.	10700	r	11800	r	9100		10700
Powder	do.	1370	r	3040	r	1330		2510
Wrought	do.	2110	r	2680	r	2790		3570
Gold:
Ores and concentrates, Au content	do.	29.336		955.008		906.55		10800
Dore and precipitates, Au content	do.	119000		6470000		90600		5130000
Bullion, refined, Au content	do.	426000		23300000		100000		5780000
Waste and scrap, gross weight	do.	15400		426000		18400		560000
Metal powder, gross weight	do.	314.457	r	7750	r	403.671		15500
Compounds, gross weight:	do.	7830		7720		6550		6870
Indium, unwrought and powders	do.	115000		18700		158000		27100
Iron and steel:
Steel mill products		20000		NA		28500		NA
Fabricated steel products		5560		NA		6540		NA
Cast iron and steel products		448		NA		550		NA
Stainless steel		680.302		NA		1140		NA
Iron and steel scrap:
Ferrous, includes tinplate and terneplate, excludes used rails for rerolling		4510		1330000		5260		2540000
and other uses and ships, boats, and other vessels for scrapping
Ships, boats, and other vessels for scrapping		(4)		42		5		754
Used rails for rerolling and other uses, includes mixed (used plus new)		30	r	9350		3		3770
rails
Direct-reduced iron, steelmaking grade		1360		425000		1710		841000
Pig iron, all grades		4500		1480000		6020		3290000
Iron ore		3240		389000		3740		750000
Lead:
Base bullion, gross weight	metric tons	313.156		576.641		79.056		176.462
Refined lead and alloys, unwrought, gross weight	do.	382000		729000		613000		1380000
Wrought and other products, gross weight	do.	8310		29600		11400		42600
Scrap, Pb content	do.	2120		1720		2640		2320
Magnesium:
Metal, gross weight	do.	18600		84500		13400		53700
Alloys, Mg content	do.	15400		66100		14100		67100
Powder, sheets, tubing, ribbons, wire, other forms, Mg content	do.	3390		27200		3390		30500
Waste and scrap, gross weight	do.	23800		52800		19000		43200
Manganese:
Ore and concentrates with 20% or more Mn, all grades, Mn content	do.	186000		86700		261000		99800
Ferromanganese, all grades, Mn content	do.	174000		235000		254000		490000
Silicomanganese, Mn content	do.	174000		268000		204000		434000
Metal, unwrought, other wrought, waste and scrap, gross weight	do.	29900		54400		42700		110000
Chemicals, gross weight:
Manganese dioxide	do.	5450		11900		8120		18500
Potassium permanganate	do.	728.113		1790		824.815		1860
Mercury:
Metal	kilograms	2920		75		1050		30
Amalgams of precious metals whether or not chemically defined	do.	32600		102000		32600		113000
Molybdenum:
Chemicals
Oxides and hydroxides, gross weight	do.	3450		54100		3770		88800
Molybdates, all, gross weight	do.	1060		14000		1790		35000
Orange, gross weight	do.	138		1270		128		1010
Ferromolybdenum, gross weight	do.	6960	r	99400		12300		280000
Other, includes powders, unwrought, bars and rods, waste and scrap, wire,	do.	1950		66500		2870		108000
other, gross weight
Ore and concentrates, including roasted and unroasted, Mo content	metric tons	15100		291000	r	15500		451000
Nickel:
Primary, unwrought and chemicals, Ni content	do.	105000		1520000		108000		2040000
Secondary, stainless steel scrap and waste and scrap, Ni content	do.	31800		377000		34400		588000
Wrought, not alloyed, bars, rods, profiles, wire, sheets, strip, foil, tubes, pipes,	do.	1160		33000		1350		50900
Ni content
Alloyed, unwrought ingot, bars, rods, profiles, wire, sheets, strip, foil, tubes,	do.	26300		896000	r	26800		887000
pipes, other alloyed articles, gross weight
Niobium (columbium) and tantalum, gross weight:
Synthetic concentrates, niobium-tantalum	kilograms	6280		199		30500		931
Niobium:
Ores and concentrates	do.	4000		97		1420		85
Oxide	do.	743000		24900		1070000		36700
Ferroniobium, total	do.	8280000		184000		9450000		212000
Unwrought powders	do.	1220000		56800		1250000		56700
Tantalum:
Ores and concentrates	do.	693000		29800		1300000		62700
Unwrought, powders	do.	189000		55700		195000		64300
Unwrought, other	do.	275000		71700		375000		107000
Waste and scrap	do.	489000		22100		348000		21700
Wrought	do.	65200		29400		57400		29200
Platinum-group metals:
Platinum, grain and nuggets, sponge, other unwrought, semimanufactured	do.	64800		2060000		67800		2580000
forms, coins, Pt content
Palladium, unwrought and other forms, Pd content	do.	76400		4490000		72600		5390000
Iridium, unwrought and other forms, Ir content	do.	1620		70100		2310		285000
Osmium, unwrought and other forms, Os content	do.	0.98		17.139		0.945		16.588
Ruthenium, unwrought and other forms, Ru content	do.	13900		117000		18000		247000
Rhodium, unwrought and other forms, Rh content	do.	20700		4590000		16500		9850000
Platinum, waste and scrap, Pt content	do.	188000		1500000		187000		2380000
Rare earths, estimated equivalent rare-earth-oxide (REO) content:
Cerium compounds, including oxides	do.	2140000		30900		2230000		27700
Other rare-earth compounds:
Carbonates, lanthanum and other	do.	25600		330.192		116000		682.873
Chlorides, includes mixtures of oxides or chlorides	do.	323000		3110		230000		2890
Oxides, except cerium oxide	do.	241000	r	8410	r	982000		14800
Unspecified compounds or mixtures	do.	3240000	r	49500	r	3950000		83500
Yttrium materials and compounds content by weight greater than 19% but	do.	587000		3740		221000		3350
less than 85% oxide equivalent
Metals and alloys:
Ferrocerium and other pyrophoric alloys	do.	271000	r	3640	r	330000		5240
Cesium, unalloyed	do.	45200		304.11		85700		581.973
Lanthanum, unalloyed	do.	90700		1430		246000		1480
Neodymium, unalloyed	do.	2220		272.196		16800		371.173
Other, unalloyed	do.	72400		4570		40600		11000
Other, alloys	do.	152000		2250	r	191000		3760
Rhenium:
Metal	do.	15900		29500		15900		28200
Ammonium perrhenate	do.	13400		7320		8680		5710
Selenium and tellurium:
Selenium, Se content:
Metal	do.	366000		8380		346000		9760
Dioxide	do.	17800		631.541		70900		2700
Tellurium, metal, Te content	do.	11900		1850		41800		4300
Silicon, Si content:
Ferrosilicon	metric tons	140000		240000		125000		398000
Metal	do.	96900		277000		96200		350000
Silver:
Ores and concentrates, ash and residues, Ag content	kilograms	406	r	359	r	14800		11400
Bullion, Ag content	do.	5830000		3860000		5240000		4320000
Dore, Ag content	do.	907000	r	886000	r	910000		972000
Unwrought, other, gross weight	do.	487000	r	273000	r	397000		289000
Metal powder, gross weight	do.	194000		22900		196000		49600
Nitrate, gross weight	do.	2060		278		2370		316
Semimanufactured forms containing 99.5% or more by weight of silver,	do.	1270000		826000		1200000		998000
gross weight
Waste and scrap, gross weight	do.	8530000		1460000		6200000		1510000
Thorium and thorium-bearing materials:
Thorium ore, monazite concentrate	metric tons	3		3.389		16		2.895
Compounds	do.	1.92		55.411		6.291		175.242
Tin:
Unwrought:
Refined	do.	31600		539000		38100		1130000
Alloys	do.	843		11600		1110		25000
Wrought:
Bars, rods, profiles, wire	do.	1160		34100	r	1770		57600
Foil	do.	47		1630		110		5090
Plates, sheet, strip	do.	58		282		38		259
Tubes, pipes, tube and pipe fittings	do.	10		134		38		186
Waste and scrap	do.	20700		8700		18600		13200
Flakes and powders	do.	128	r	4000		300		7000
Oxides	do.	160		2780		489		14500
Tinplate and ternplate	do.	697000		673000		797000		868000
Titanium:
Concentrates:
Ilmenite	do.	481000		104000		632000		153000
Titaniferous slag	do.	435000		318000		339000		256000
Rutile:
Natural	do.	158000		156000		320000		272000
Synthetic	do.	127.86		155.738		990		1910
Titaniferous iron ore	do.	35500		6800		13500		2180
Metal:
Waste and scrap	do.	15800		71300		10600		49200
Unwrought:
Sponge	do.	19200		173000		16000		148000
Ingots	do.	1210		19900		874.88		10800
Powder	do.	194.65		17600		213.973		23500
Other	do.	642.006		18200		1270		22600
Wrought products and castings, includes bar, billet, bloom, castings, foil,	do.	6670		358000		7930		286000
pipe, plate, profile, rod, sheet, sheet bar, slab, strip, tube, wire, other
Ferrotitanium and ferrosilicon titanium	do.	2850		8540		4150		20100
Pigment, dioxide	do.	262000		681000		251000		718000
Tungsten, W content:
Ores and concentrates	do.	2020		46300		1590		37700
Ammonium paratungstate	do.	1080		29000		1040		29100
Ferrotungsten and ferrosilicon tungsten	do.	38		1080		26		862
Miscellaneous tungsten-bearing materials, metal powders, carbide powder,	do.	7540		240000		9380		325000
unwrought, waste and scrap, wrought, oxides, other tungstates, other
compounds and chemical products
Vanadium, V content:
Ferrovanadium	kilograms	1360000	r	55400	r	2170000		92800
Pentoxide, anhydride	do.	1670000		36700		1740000		42300
Other oxides and hydroxides	do.	66500		2830		68700		2100
Aluminum-vanadium master alloy	do.	101000		6100		35200		2870
Metal, including waste and scrap	do.	165		74.81		523		248.989
Ores and concentrates	do.	3760		560.763		7820		963.684
Vanadium-bearing ash and residues	do.	60000		7640		101000		6360
Chemicals, hydroxides and nitrides, sulfates, vanadates, chlorides	do.	206000	r	3430	r	640000		9190
Zinc:
Ores and concentrates, Zn content	metric tons	3170		4410		13400		19400
Slag, ash and residues	do.	4430		6400		10100		16900
Refined	do.	700000		NA		702000		NA
Compounds, gross weight:		XX		334000		XX		440000
Metal products:
Unwrought zinc, unalloyed	do.	700000		1600000		702000		2040000
Unwrought zinc alloys	do.	1370		3680		6330		19200
Waste and scrap	do.	11400		15800		12600		21500
Dust, powders, flakes	do.	24600		83700		23500		93300
Bars, rods, profiles, wire	do.	3260		10200		3780		14200
Plates, sheets, strip, foil	do.	2570		11500		1940		9910
Zirconium and hafnium:
Zirconium:
Ore and concentrates	do.	24000		35700		28500		44400
Ferrozirconium	do.	184		437	r	98		426
Unwrought, including powder	do.	1780		13600		557		6220
Waste and scrap	do.	255		2460		189		7100
Other	do.	302		40200		265		33800
Oxide, includes germanium oxide and zirconium dioxide	do.	3560		NA		3350		NA
Hafnium, unwrought, including powders	do.	16		10300		23		14300
Total, metals		XX		85500000	r	XX		96600000
Industrial minerals:
Abrasives, manufactured:
Aluminum oxide, crude, ground and refined	metric tons	120000	r	107000		159000		140000
Silicon carbide, crude, ground and refined	do.	88300		92800		125000		129000
Metallic abrasives	do.	25800		29200		26400		39800
Asbestos:
Chrysotile and other unspecified type	do.	305		643		41		77
Manufactured products with basis of asbestos, cellulose, or other minerals		NA		3860		NA		4040
Barite:
Crude	metric tons	330000		63800		441000		73000
Ground	do.	1140000		110000		1200000		118000
Other sulfates	do.	13300		19900		15900		24300
Chloride, oxide, hydroxide, peroxide, precipitated carbonate		XX		9260		XX		11100
Boron minerals and compounds:
Boric acid	do.	38900	r	24100	r	54200		32900
Colemanite		18		6300		3		1080
Borax, refined		174		60400		232		84500
Ulexite		41		12600		49		14600
Bromine, Br equivalent:
Elemental	metric tons	1020		2770		461		2080
Inorganic compounds	do.	26600		65600		26100		69500
Organic compounds	do.	1010		9820		622		5930
Cement, hydraulic and clinker⁶		16700		1180000		21500		1520000
Clay:
Artificially activated clay and earth	metric tons	31200		19200		40900		27800
Ball clay	do.	104		30		319		110
Bentonite	do.	17200		9450		27000		11000
Chamotte or Dinas Earth	do.	601		253		626		189
Fire clay	do.	349	r	225	r	6160		2830
Fuller's earth	do.	314		19		2850		142
Kaolin	do.	224000		30100		149000		25000
Other, n.e.c.7	do.	9640		5590		9950		6410
Diamond, industrial:
Stones, natural and miners', natural and	thousand carats	508	r	4270		333		4340
synthetic
Bort, dust and powder, grit, natural and synthetic	do.	190000	r	36000	r	261000		47300
Diatomite		14		NA		14		NA
Feldspar and nepheline syenite:
Feldspar	metric tons	43300		4910		169000		14000
Nepheline syenite	do.	503000		81800		529000		86700
Fluorspar:
Fluorspar	do.	492000	r	142000	r	451000		135000
Hydrofluoric acid	do.	103000		166000		103000		171000
Cryolite	do.	26400		25300		41600		32100
Aluminum fluoride	do.	20700		29900		27600		45800
Garnet, industrial	do.	115000	r	28700	r	144000		40300
Gemstones	thousand carats	1080000	r	13000000	r	708000		17700000
Graphite:
Natural	metric tons	36000		44600		53100		71200
Electric furnace electrodes	do.	52800		190000		69700		209000
Synthetic	do.	62400	r	314000	r	116000		379000
Gypsum:
Crude		6030		103000		6520		117000
Plasters		29		9900		26		8910
Boards		494		119000		599		169000
Other		XX		24700	r	XX		31000
Helium, Grade-A	million cubic meters	6.7		43500		9.2		68700
Iodine:
Crude	metric tons	4570		144000		4120		135000
Potassium iodide	do.	308		5730		380		7710
Iron oxide and hydroxide pigments:
Natural	do.	2570		2180		3080		2540
Synthetic	do.	171000		186000		189000		208000
Kyanite, andalucite, sillimanite	do.	714		452.085		1390		682.43
Lime		308.055277		57100	5	322.692438		62100	5
Lithium chemicals, Li content:
Carbonate	metric tons	2190		75100		2310		75500
Carbonate, U.S.P.8	do.	(4)		10		(4)		5
Hydroxide	do.	265		14700		328.846		18800
Magnesium compounds:
Magnesia and crude magnesite:
Caustic-calcined magnesia	do.	187000		49400		250000		91500
Dead-burned and fused magnesia	do.	162000		85600		268000		154000
Other magnesia	do.	57500		37100		50400		42300
Crude magnesite	do.	25100		5270		28300		6820
Compounds, chlorides, hydroxide, peroxide, sulfates	do.	XX		62200		XX		73800
Mica:
Scrap and flake:
Powder	do.	17600		11600		22900		14300
Waste	do.	1810		1500		1180		1090
Sheet:
Unworked	do.	112		632		54		180
Worked	do.	2730	r	22600		3930		26900
Nitrogen, N content
Ammonia, anhydrous		1990		678000		2080		1400000
Major compounds, other		3230		2530000		4170		5120000
Peat		1390		418000		1630		545000
Perlite, processed crudee		157.803		20700		172		21100
Phosphate rock and phosphatic materials:
Phosphate rock:
Unground		2520		188000	5	2470		209000	5
Ground		--		--	5	--		--	5
Dicalcium phosphate		5		9080	5	7		16000	5
Elemental phosphorus		13		38000	5	11		32800	5
Diammonium phosphate		901		309000	5	1440		855000	5
Monoammonium phosphate		1080		363000	5	1030		620000	5
Fertilizer containing nitrates and phosphates		1		995	5	3		2550	5
Phosphoric acid		(4)		86	5	1		152	5
Potash, gross weight:
Potassium chloride	metric tons	8640000		1700000		10400000		2910000
Potassium sulfate	do.	87400		49400		131000		71000
Potassium nitrate	do.	106000		62100		104000		66400
Other potassium fertilizers	do.	82400		23000		102000		45000
Pumice:
Crude or unmanufactured	do.	89900		5050		87200		2470
Wholly or partly manufactured	do.	250.061		1100		325.438		1490
Salt		15800		590000		17700		688000
Sand and gravel:
Construction		4810		67400	5	4530		90000	5
Industrial		417		16100	5	350		17100	5
Soda ash		98.079	e	20000	e, 5	130	e	27600	e, 5
Stone:
Crushed,stone and chips, calcium carbonate fines, excludes precipitated carbonates		20400		202000	5	18900		201000	5
Dimension		XX		1750000		XX		2200000
Strontium:
Celestite	kilograms	2410000		216.554		242000		50.756
Carbonate	do.	6620000		6340		6760000		7460
Metal	do.	28500		273.251		89100		1130
Nitrate	do.	1060000		1420		2090000		3090
Oxide, hydroxide, peroxide	do.	65800	r	110.125	r	72500		124.02
Sulfur:
Elemental⁹		2230		121000		2370		272000
Sulfuric acid, 100% H2SO⁴	metric tons	3650000	r	241000	5	3260000		225000	5
Talc, unmanufactured	do.	189000		77800		278000		110000
Vermiculitee		40		NA		33		NA
Wollastonitee	metric tons	<1,000		NA		<1,000		NA
Zeolitese	do.	<1,000		NA		<1,000		NA
Total, industrial minerals		XX		26500000	r	XX		38300000
Grand total		XX		112000000	r	XX		135000000
eEstimated. rRevised. do. Ditto. NA Not available. XX Not applicable. -- Zero.
1Includes data from the mineral commodity chapters published in the U.S. Geological Survey 2021 Minerals Yearbook as they were completed and released through January 2025.
2Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
3Customs value unless otherwise specified.

⁴Less than ½ unit.

⁵Cost, insurance, and freight value.

⁶Excludes Puerto Rico. Data adjusted by the U.S. Geological Survey.

⁷Not elsewhere classified.

⁸U.S. pharmaceutical-grade lithium carbonate.

⁹General imports.