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This table presents detailed data on global salt production by country or locality over the five-year period from 2019 to 2023, measured in thousand metric tons. Salt is a critical mineral with wide-ranging applications across industries such as chemical manufacturing, food processing, water treatment, and de-icing. Understanding production volumes by region is essential for assessing supply stability, trade flows, and economic impacts, as salt production supports numerous industrial processes and contributes significantly to the economies of producing countries.
Analysis of the data reveals that China remains the world’s leading salt producer, with output gradually declining from 67,014 thousand metric tons in 2019 to 52,686 thousand metric tons in 2023. The United States follows as a major producer, with total production rebounding to 41,400 thousand metric tons in 2023 after a dip to 39,400 thousand metric tons in 2022. Notable growth is observed in Canada, where production increased from 11,936 thousand metric tons in 2019 to 16,050 thousand metric tons in 2023, and Kazakhstan, which rose from 1,095 to 1,859 thousand metric tons over the same period. Conversely, countries like Ukraine experienced a sharp decline, dropping from 2,093 thousand metric tons in 2019 to an estimated 600 thousand metric tons in 2023, likely reflecting geopolitical challenges. Other stable producers include Australia, maintaining around 11,800 to 12,200 thousand metric tons annually, and India, with production hovering near 27,000 thousand metric tons in recent years. These trends highlight shifting dynamics in global salt supply, influenced by economic, environmental, and political factors.
| TABLE 13 | |||||||||||
| SALT: WORLD PRODUCTION, BY COUNTRY OR LOCALITY1 | |||||||||||
| (Thousand metric tons) | |||||||||||
| Country and locality2 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | ||||||
| Afghanistan, rock | 170 | 57 | 29 | e | 57 | e | 57 | e | |||
| Algeria, brine and seae | 330 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | ||||||
| Angola | 130 | 161 | 183 | 180 | e | 200 | e | ||||
| Argentina, common | 1412 | 1257 | 1300 | e | 1300 | e | 1400 | e | |||
| Armenia | 25 | 28 | 33 | 23 | 23 | e | |||||
| Australia | 11474 | 11542 | 12214 | 11681 | 11819 | ||||||
| Austria: | |||||||||||
| Brine | 1206 | 1010 | 1113 | 988 | r | 1000 | e | ||||
| Evaporatede | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | ||||||
| Total | 2206 | 2010 | 2113 | 1988 | r | 2000 | |||||
| Azerbaijan, marketable | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||||||
| Bangladesh, marine3 | 1820 | e | 1650 | e | 1640 | e | 1620 | e | 1839 | ||
| Belarus | 2948 | r | 1648 | 2000 | e | 2000 | e | 2000 | e | ||
| Bolivia, rock | 4 | 15 | 22 | 15 | 21 | ||||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1203 | 1076 | 1106 | 1191 | 1200 | e | |||||
| Botswana4 | 384 | 418 | 485 | 323 | 388 | ||||||
| Brazil: | |||||||||||
| Rock | 700 | 464 | 534 | 610 | 621 | ||||||
| Seae | 6000 | 6000 | 6000 | 6000 | 6000 | ||||||
| Total | 6700 | 6464 | 6534 | 6610 | 6621 | ||||||
| Bulgariae | 3000 | 3000 | 3000 | 3000 | 3000 | ||||||
| Burma, rock, crude | 213 | 230 | 162 | 144 | r | 189 | |||||
| Cambodia, marine3 | 30 | e | 100 | e | 75 | e | 33 | 81 | |||
| Canada | 11936 | 13261 | 11818 | 15107 | r | 16050 | |||||
| Chile | 10477 | 9574 | 8565 | 10501 | 10721 | ||||||
| China | 67014 | 58527 | 57065 | 53599 | 52686 | ||||||
| Colombia: | |||||||||||
| Rock | 376 | r | 389 | r | 370 | r | 379 | r | 375 | ||
| Seae | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 50 | ||||||
| Total | 431 | r | 444 | r | 425 | r | 434 | r | 425 | ||
| Croatia | 48 | 54 | 55 | 53 | 48 | ||||||
| Cuba | 210 | 226 | 205 | 196 | 200 | e | |||||
| Denmarke | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | ||||||
| Djiboutie | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Egypte | 2000 | 1800 | 2300 | 2300 | 2300 | ||||||
| Eritrea, seae | 250 | 220 | 240 | 240 | 230 | ||||||
| Ethiopia, rocke, 3 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | ||||||
| France | 5439 | 5500 | e | 5800 | e | 5900 | r, e | 4600 | e | ||
| Germany: | |||||||||||
| Evaporated, including sea | 983 | 986 | 995 | 996 | r | 973 | |||||
| Industrial brines | 8226 | 7965 | 8292 | r | 7133 | r | 6160 | ||||
| Rock and other brines | 7419 | 5276 | 8405 | 6944 | r | 6354 | |||||
| Total | 16628 | 14227 | 17692 | r | 15073 | r | 13487 | ||||
| Ghanae | 350 | 250 | 400 | 400 | 400 | ||||||
| Greecee | 160 | 160 | 160 | 160 | 200 | ||||||
| India, other | 30033 | 30000 | e | 26564 | 26599 | 27000 | e | ||||
| Indonesiae | 1200 | 1200 | 1200 | 1200 | 1200 | ||||||
| Iran5 | 2700 | 3200 | e | 2700 | e | 2700 | e | 2700 | e | ||
| Iraq | 270 | 300 | 300 | 400 | e | 400 | |||||
| Israel, marketable | 301 | 275 | 262 | 298 | r | 265 | |||||
| Italy: | |||||||||||
| Industrial6 | 1538 | 1193 | 1500 | 1461 | 1044 | ||||||
| Table | 336 | 350 | 403 | 394 | 418 | ||||||
| Total | 1874 | 1543 | 1903 | 1855 | 1462 | ||||||
| Japan | 903 | 874 | 855 | 897 | r | 792 | |||||
| Jordan: | |||||||||||
| Brine | 37 | 39 | 42 | 45 | e | 47 | e | ||||
| Dead sea | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | ||||||
| Total | 39 | 41 | 44 | 47 | 50 | ||||||
| Kazakhstan | 1095 | 1237 | 1232 | 1678 | 1859 | ||||||
| Kenya, refined | 355 | 356 | 390 | 395 | 478 | ||||||
| Korea, Northe | 700 | r | 500 | r | 500 | r | 700 | r | 800 | ||
| Korea, Republic of | 433 | 345 | 454 | 450 | e | 450 | e | ||||
| Kuwait | 55 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 60 | e | |||||
| Kyrgyzstan, rock | 6 | 6 | e | 5 | e | 7 | e | 6 | e | ||
| Laos | 10 | 4 | 7 | (7) | r | (7) | e | ||||
| Lebanone | 3 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 10 | ||||||
| Libyae | 40 | 50 | 50 | 40 | 40 | ||||||
| Madagascar, seae | 110 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 130 | ||||||
| Malta, solare | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | (7) | ||||||
| Mauritaniae | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Mauritius, sea | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | e | (7) | e | ||||
| Mexicoe | 9500 | 9500 | 8700 | 8700 | 8700 | ||||||
| Mongolia | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | e | 1 | e | ||||
| Morocco, rock | 854 | 491 | 296 | r | 653 | r | 650 | e | |||
| Mozambique, seae | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 160 | ||||||
| Namibia | 1041 | 988 | 1083 | 1073 | 1154 | ||||||
| Netherlands, rock | 5914 | 5712 | r | 6121 | 5893 | 4883 | |||||
| New Zealande | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||||
| Nigere | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | ||||||
| Oman | 15 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 7 | ||||||
| Pakistan: | |||||||||||
| Rock4 | 3277 | 3482 | 2666 | 2931 | r | 3017 | |||||
| Sea | 243 | 136 | 167 | 214 | r | 200 | e | ||||
| Total | 3520 | 3618 | 2833 | 3145 | r | 3217 | |||||
| Panamae | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | ||||||
| Peru | 1266 | 1031 | 1176 | 1094 | 1009 | ||||||
| Philippines, seae | 190 | 120 | 41 | 51 | 60 | ||||||
| Poland: | |||||||||||
| Evaporated | 591 | 558 | 553 | 596 | 520 | ||||||
| Rock | 920 | 515 | 1015 | 1050 | 853 | ||||||
| Other, recovered from brine | 2929 | 2711 | 2723 | 2930 | 2764 | ||||||
| Total | 4440 | 3784 | 4291 | 4576 | 4137 | ||||||
| Portugal, rock | 5 | 4 | 4 | 8 | r | 9 | e | ||||
| Romania: | |||||||||||
| Rock | 51 | 52 | 50 | 59 | r | 64 | |||||
| Other | 1934 | 1100 | 1200 | 1400 | 1173 | ||||||
| Total | 1985 | 1152 | 1250 | 1459 | r | 1237 | |||||
| Russia | 8175 | 6026 | 8242 | 8186 | 7658 | ||||||
| Saudi Arabia | 2778 | 2220 | 2331 | 2342 | r | 2500 | e | ||||
| Senegale | 260 | 260 | 260 | 260 | 260 | ||||||
| Serbia | 13 | 13 | 13 | 15 | r | 8 | |||||
| Slovenia | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | ||||||
| South Africa | 510 | 538 | 546 | 570 | 616 | ||||||
| Spain: | |||||||||||
| Rock | 3084 | 2499 | 3034 | 2812 | r | 2800 | e | ||||
| Sea, including evaporated | 1134 | 1177 | 1169 | 1176 | r | 1100 | e | ||||
| Total | 4218 | 3676 | 4203 | 3988 | r | 3900 | |||||
| Sri Lanka | 57 | 58 | e | 58 | e | 58 | e | 58 | e | ||
| Sudan | 197 | 237 | 131 | 150 | e | 150 | e | ||||
| Switzerland | 477 | 325 | 513 | 423 | 373 | ||||||
| Syria | 100 | e | 100 | e | 113 | 150 | e | 200 | e | ||
| Taiwan | 76 | 78 | 77 | 78 | 112 | ||||||
| Tajikistan | 35 | 37 | 27 | r | 31 | r | 44 | ||||
| Tanzania | 100 | 84 | 113 | 182 | 159 | ||||||
| Thailand | 1580 | 1440 | 1564 | 1737 | 1393 | ||||||
| Tunisia, sea | 1967 | 1666 | 1890 | 1158 | 1950 | e | |||||
| Turkey | 6961 | 7698 | 7844 | 9086 | 8587 | ||||||
| Turkmenistan | 105 | e | 95 | 96 | 97 | e | 98 | e | |||
| Ugandae | 15 | 15 | 15 | 10 | 13 | ||||||
| Ukraine | 2093 | 1717 | 1800 | e | 700 | e | 600 | e | |||
| United Kingdom8 | 2378 | 2328 | 2688 | 2588 | r | 2600 | e | ||||
| United States: | |||||||||||
| Brine | 17900 | 16400 | 14500 | 16700 | 17400 | ||||||
| Rock | 19100 | 18200 | 17500 | 15700 | 14600 | ||||||
| Solar | 3520 | 3410 | 3030 | 3420 | 3620 | ||||||
| Vacuum and open pan | 4280 | 4640 | 4220 | 3460 | 4191 | ||||||
| Other, from Puerto Ricoe | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | ||||||
| Total | 44900 | 42600 | 39300 | 39400 | 41400 | ||||||
| Vietnam | 945 | 1135 | 1208 | 570 | r | 649 | |||||
| Yemen | 100 | e | 100 | e | 100 | e | 158 | r | 158 | e | |
| Total | 295000 | 275000 | r | 273000 | 272000 | r | 269000 | ||||
eEstimated. rRevised. -- Zero.
1Table includes data available through February 20, 2025. All data are reported unless otherwise noted; totals may include estimated data. Totals, U.S. data, and estimated data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2In addition to the countries and (or) localities listed, Guinea, Iceland, Mali, and Venezuela may have produced salt, but available information was inadequate to make reliable estimates of output. Some salt brine production data for manufacture of chlorine, caustic soda, and soda ash are not reported because of incomplete reporting by many countries.
3Production is based on fiscal year, with a starting date of July 1 of the year shown.
4From natural soda ash production.
5Production is based on fiscal year, with a starting date of March 21 of the year shown.
6Does not include production from Sardinia and Sicily, which is estimated to be 200,000 metric tons per year.
7Less than ½ unit.
8Production is based on fiscal year, with a starting date of July 16 of the year shown.
Source: United States Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program
See also: Salt statistics | Mineral commodity prices