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This table presents detailed data on global rhenium production by country or locality, measured in kilograms of rhenium content from 2019 through 2023. Rhenium is a rare and valuable metal primarily used in high-temperature superalloys for jet engines, as well as in catalysts for petroleum refining. Tracking production volumes by country is crucial for understanding supply dynamics, assessing market stability, and informing industrial planning and policy decisions, given rhenium’s strategic importance and limited sources.
Analysis of the data reveals that Chile remains the dominant producer, consistently contributing around 30,000 kilograms annually, accounting for nearly half of the world’s total output. The United States and Poland are also significant producers, with the U.S. increasing its output from 8,360 kilograms in 2019 to 9,410 kilograms in 2023, and Poland showing some fluctuations but rebounding to 9,380 kilograms in 2023 after a dip to 6,310 kilograms in 2022. Uzbekistan’s production notably rose from 3,000 kilograms in 2019 to 5,000 kilograms in 2023, indicating growing capacity. China’s production more than doubled from an estimated 2,500 kilograms in 2019 to 5,300 kilograms in 2023, reflecting a significant upward trend. Overall, world production showed variability, peaking at 62,100 kilograms in 2021, dipping to 57,000 kilograms in 2022, and rebounding to 62,600 kilograms in 2023, underscoring the dynamic nature of rhenium supply influenced by geopolitical and market factors.
| TABLE 5 | |||||||||||
| RHENIUM: WORLD PRODUCTION, BY COUNTRY OR LOCALITY1, 2 | |||||||||||
| (Kilograms, rhenium content) | |||||||||||
| Country or locality | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | ||||||
| Armeniae | 300 | r | 280 | r | 270 | r | 230 | r | 210 | ||
| Chilee, 3 | 30000 | 30000 | 30000 | 29000 | 30000 | ||||||
| China | 2500 | e | 2500 | e | 5100 | r | 5200 | r, e | 5300 | e | |
| Kazakhstane | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | ||||||
| Korea, Republic of | 2800 | 2800 | e | 2800 | e | 2800 | e | 2800 | e | ||
| Poland4 | 8340 | 9510 | 9250 | 6310 | r | 9380 | |||||
| United States | 8360 | 8830 | 9290 | 8870 | 9410 | ||||||
| Uzbekistan | 3000 | 4900 | 4900 | 4100 | r | 5000 | |||||
| Total | 55800 | 59300 | 62100 | r | 57000 | r | 62600 | ||||
eEstimated. rRevised.
1Table includes data available through October 31, 2024. All data are reported unless otherwise noted; totals may include estimated data. Totals, U.S. data, and estimated data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2Calculated rhenium contained in molybdenite concentrates. Secondary rhenium production not included.
3Includes rhenium contained in molybdenum concentrates from Canada, Mexico, Peru, and the United States, processed at Molibdenos y Metales S.A. in Chile.
4Based on information from KGHM Ecoren S.A. Calculation based on 69.2% rhenium content of ammonium perrhenate.
Source: United States Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program
See also: Rhenium statistics | Mineral commodity prices