Canada

Canada
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: A Mari Usque Ad Mare (Latin) "From Sea to Sea"
Anthem: "O Canada" Royal anthem: "God Save the Queen" ^[1]

Capital	Ottawa 45°24′N75°40′W / 45.400°N 75.667°W / 45.400; -75.667
Largest city	Toronto
Official languages	English French
Ethnic groups (2016)^[2]	List of ethnicities 72.9% European 17.7% Asian 4.9% Indigenous 3.1% African 1.3% Latin American 0.2% Oceanian
Religion (2011)^[3]	List of religions 67.2% Christianity 23.9% No religion 3.2% Islam 1.5% Hinduism 1.4% Sikhism 1.1% Buddhism 1.0% Judaism 0.6% Other
Demonym(s)	Canadian
Government	Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy^[4]

• Monarch	Elizabeth II
• Governor General	Julie Payette
• Prime Minister	Justin Trudeau

Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	House of Commons
Independence from the United Kingdom

• Confederation	July 1, 1867
• Statute of Westminster	December 11, 1931
• Patriation	April 17, 1982

Area
• Total area	9,984,670 km² (3,855,100 sq mi) (2nd)
• Water (%)	11.76 (as of 2015)^[5]
• Total land area	9,093,507 km² (3,511,023 sq mi)
Population
• Q3 2020 estimate	38,005,238^[6] (38th)
• 2016 census	35,151,728^[7]
• Density	3.92/km² (10.2/sq mi) (228th)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	$1.971 trillion^[8] (16th)
• Per capita	$52,144^[8] (21st)
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$1.812 trillion^[8] (10th)
• Per capita	$47,931^[8] (17th)
Gini (2017)	31.0^[9] medium
HDI (2018)	0.922^[10] very high · 13th
Currency	Canadian dollar ($) (CAD)
Time zone	UTC−3.5 to −8
• Summer (DST)	UTC−2.5 to −7
Date format	yyyy-mm-dd (AD)^[11]
Driving side	right
Calling code	+1
Internet TLD	.ca