Panama - Research and development expenditure

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in Panama was 0.147 as of 2017. Its highest value over the past 21 years was 0.363 in 2000, while its lowest value was 0.062 in 2013.

Definition: Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/)

See also:

Year Value
1996 0.310
1997 0.299
1998 0.269
1999 0.272
2000 0.363
2001 0.361
2002 0.342
2003 0.321
2004 0.226
2005 0.232
2006 0.235
2007 0.182
2008 0.191
2009 0.132
2010 0.145
2011 0.173
2012 0.075
2013 0.062
2014 0.141
2015 0.120
2016 0.145
2017 0.147

Classification

Topic: Infrastructure Indicators

Sub-Topic: Technology