Firms offering formal training (% of firms) - Country Ranking

Definition: Firms offering formal training are the percentage of firms offering formal training programs for their permanent, full-time employees.

Source: World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).

See also: Thematic map, Time series comparison

Find indicator:
Rank Country Value Year
1 China 79.20 2012
2 Samoa 79.10 2009
3 Ecuador 73.70 2017
3 Papua New Guinea 73.70 2015
5 Mongolia 66.20 2019
6 Luxembourg 66.10 2020
7 Peru 65.90 2017
8 Guyana 63.00 2010
8 Colombia 63.00 2017
10 Sweden 61.90 2020
11 Fiji 61.00 2009
12 Ireland 59.80 2020
12 Philippines 59.80 2015
14 Belgium 57.80 2020
15 Chile 57.50 2010
16 Nicaragua 57.30 2016
17 Venezuela 56.00 2010
18 Guatemala 55.70 2017
19 Costa Rica 54.70 2010
20 Netherlands 54.10 2020
21 El Salvador 53.80 2016
22 Uruguay 53.30 2017
23 Latvia 52.90 2019
24 Mauritania 52.70 2014
25 Botswana 51.90 2010
26 Spain 51.30 2005
27 Mexico 50.80 2010
28 Finland 50.20 2020
29 Malta 49.90 2019
29 Bolivia 49.90 2017
31 Central African Republic 49.70 2011
32 St. Kitts and Nevis 49.50 2010
33 Honduras 47.70 2016
34 Vanuatu 47.50 2009
35 Paraguay 46.40 2017
36 Albania 46.20 2019
36 Grenada 46.20 2010
38 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 45.70 2010
39 Slovenia 44.00 2019
40 Czech Republic 43.60 2019
41 Slovak Republic 43.30 2019
42 Brazil 42.20 2009
43 Solomon Islands 42.00 2015
44 Kyrgyz Republic 41.40 2019
45 Estonia 40.70 2019
46 Denmark 40.60 2020
47 Argentina 40.20 2017
48 Ghana 40.10 2013
49 Cyprus 39.70 2019
50 Korea 39.50 2005
51 North Macedonia 39.00 2019
52 Serbia 38.30 2019
52 Syrian Arab Republic 38.30 2009
54 Moldova 38.10 2019
55 Bosnia and Herzegovina 37.90 2019
56 Cameroon 37.60 2016
57 Congo 37.50 2009
58 Kenya 37.40 2018
59 The Bahamas 37.10 2010
60 Zambia 36.60 2019
61 Eswatini 36.10 2016
62 Rwanda 35.90 2019
62 India 35.90 2014
64 Morocco 35.70 2019
65 Barbados 35.50 2010
65 Côte d'Ivoire 35.50 2016
67 Germany 35.40 2005
68 Suriname 34.80 2018
69 Uganda 34.70 2013
70 Azerbaijan 33.90 2019
71 Togo 33.70 2016
72 Malawi 32.90 2014
73 Pakistan 32.00 2013
73 Burundi 32.00 2014
73 Georgia 32.00 2019
76 Nepal 31.90 2013
77 Afghanistan 31.70 2014
78 Belarus 31.50 2018
79 Lesotho 31.20 2016
80 Gabon 30.90 2009
81 Turkey 30.70 2019
81 Tanzania 30.70 2013
81 Nigeria 30.70 2014
84 Hungary 29.30 2019
85 Portugal 29.00 2019
86 Trinidad and Tobago 28.00 2010
87 Armenia 27.50 2020
87 Niger 27.50 2017
87 Lithuania 27.50 2019
90 Zimbabwe 26.40 2016
91 Croatia 26.20 2019
92 Eritrea 26.10 2009
93 Bhutan 26.00 2015
94 Jamaica 25.90 2010
95 Mauritius 25.60 2009
96 Namibia 25.40 2014
97 The Gambia 25.20 2018
98 Antigua and Barbuda 24.90 2010
99 Burkina Faso 24.80 2009
100 Lao PDR 24.40 2018
101 Ukraine 24.30 2019
101 Tajikistan 24.30 2019
103 Angola 23.50 2010
104 Dominican Republic 23.40 2016
105 Chad 22.90 2018
106 Liberia 22.80 2017
107 Cambodia 22.20 2016
107 Vietnam 22.20 2015
107 Iraq 22.20 2011
110 Bangladesh 21.90 2013
111 Kazakhstan 21.80 2019
111 Djibouti 21.80 2013
113 Poland 21.70 2019
114 Greece 21.60 2018
114 Sierra Leone 21.60 2017
116 Ethiopia 20.80 2015
116 Lebanon 20.80 2019
118 Mozambique 20.70 2018
119 Romania 20.50 2019
120 Bulgaria 20.00 2019
120 Benin 20.00 2016
122 Tunisia 19.10 2020
123 Dominica 18.90 2010
124 Israel 18.60 2013
125 Malaysia 18.50 2015
126 Sri Lanka 18.40 2011
127 Thailand 18.00 2016
128 Mali 17.70 2016
129 Senegal 17.40 2014
130 Algeria 17.30 2007
131 Dem. Rep. Congo 17.00 2013
132 Uzbekistan 16.90 2019
132 Jordan 16.90 2019
134 Cabo Verde 16.60 2009
135 Guinea 16.00 2016
136 Montenegro 15.80 2019
137 Belize 14.40 2010
138 Yemen 14.30 2013
139 St. Lucia 13.60 2010
140 Madagascar 12.70 2013
141 Italy 12.60 2019
142 Guinea-Bissau 12.40 2006
143 Russia 11.80 2019
144 Tonga 11.10 2009
145 Panama 11.00 2010
146 Sudan 9.50 2014
147 Egypt 7.90 2020
147 South Africa 7.90 2020
149 Indonesia 7.70 2015
150 Myanmar 5.90 2016
151 Timor-Leste 1.90 2015

More rankings: Africa | Asia | Central America & the Caribbean | Europe | Middle East | North America | Oceania | South America | World |

Development Relevance: Firms evaluating investment options, governments interested in improving business conditions, and economists seeking to explain economic performance have all grappled with defining and measuring the business environment. The firm-level data from Enterprise Surveys provide a useful tool for benchmarking economies across a large number of indicators measured at the firm level. The reliability and availability of infrastructure benefit households and support development. Firms with access to modern and efficient infrastructure - telecommunications, electricity, and transport - can be more productive. A strong infrastructure enhances the competitiveness of an economy and generates a business environment conducive to firm growth and development. Good infrastructure efficiently connects firms to their customers and suppliers, and enables the use of modern production technologies. Conversely, deficiencies in infrastructure, such as loss of electricity on regular basis, create barriers to productive opportunities and increase costs for all firms, from micro enterprises to large multinational corporations.

Limitations and Exceptions: The sampling methodology for Enterprise Surveys is stratified random sampling. In a simple random sample, all members of the population have the same probability of being selected and no weighting of the observations is necessary. In a stratified random sample, all population units are grouped within homogeneous groups and simple random samples are selected within each group. This method allows computing estimates for each of the strata with a specified level of precision while population estimates can also be estimated by properly weighting individual observations. The sampling weights take care of the varying probabilities of selection across different strata. Under certain conditions, estimates' precision under stratified random sampling will be higher than under simple random sampling (lower standard errors may result from the estimation procedure). The strata for Enterprise Surveys are firm size, business sector, and geographic region within a country. Firm size levels are 5-19 (small), 20-99 (medium), and 100+ employees (large-sized firms). Since in most economies, the majority of firms are small and medium-sized, Enterprise Surveys oversample large firms since larger firms tend to be engines of job creation. Sector breakdown is usually manufacturing, retail, and other services. For larger economies, specific manufacturing sub-sectors are selected as additional strata on the basis of employment, value-added, and total number of establishments figures. Geographic regions within a country are selected based on which cities/regions collectively contain the majority of economic activity. Ideally the survey sample frame is derived from the universe of eligible firms obtained from the country’s statistical office. Sometimes the master list of firms is obtained from other government agencies such as tax or business licensing authorities. In some cases, the list of firms is obtained from business associations or marketing databases. In a few cases, the sample frame is created via block enumeration, where the World Bank “manually” constructs a list of eligible firms after 1) partitioning a country’s cities of major economic activity into clusters and blocks, 2) randomly selecting a subset of blocks which will then be enumerated. In surveys conducted since 2005-06, survey documentation which explains the source of the sample frame and any special circumstances encountered during survey fieldwork are included with the collected datasets. Obtaining panel data, i.e. interviews with the same firms across multiple years, is a priority in current Enterprise Surveys. When conducting a new Enterprise Survey in a country where data was previously collected, maximal effort is expended to re-interview as many firms (from the prior survey) as possible. For these panel firms, sampling weights can be adjusted to take into account the resulting altered probabilities of inclusion in the sample frame.

Original Source Notes: All surveys were administered using the Enterprise Surveys methodology as outlined in the Methodology page which can be found from www.enterprisesurveys.org.

Statistical Concept and Methodology: Firm-level surveys have been conducted since the 1990's by different units within the World Bank. Since 2005-06, most data collection efforts have been centralized within the Enterprise Analysis Unit. Surveys implemented by the Enterprise Analysis Unit follow the Global Methodology. Private contractors conduct the Enterprise Surveys on behalf of the World Bank. Due to sensitive survey questions addressing business-government relations and bribery-related topics, private contractors, rather than any government agency or an organization/institution associated with government, are hired by the World Bank to collect the data. Confidentiality of the survey respondents and the sensitive information they provide is necessary to ensure the greatest degree of survey participation, integrity and confidence in the quality of the data. Surveys are usually carried out in cooperation with business organizations and government agencies promoting job creation and economic growth, but confidentiality is never compromised. The Enterprise Survey is answered by business owners and top managers. Sometimes the survey respondent calls company accountants and human resource managers into the interview to answer questions in the sales and labor sections of the survey. Typically 1200-1800 interviews are conducted in larger economies, 360 interviews are conducted in medium-sized economies, and for smaller economies, 150 interviews take place. The manufacturing and services sectors are the primary business sectors of interest. This corresponds to firms classified with ISIC codes 15-37, 45, 50-52, 55, 60-64, and 72 (ISIC Rev.3.1). Formal (registered) companies with 5 or more employees are targeted for interview. Services firms include construction, retail, wholesale, hotels, restaurants, transport, storage, communications, and IT. Firms with 100% government/state ownership are not eligible to participate in an Enterprise Survey. Occasionally, for a few surveyed countries, other sectors are included in the companies surveyed such as education or health-related businesses. In each country, businesses in the cities/regions of major economic activity are interviewed. In some countries, other surveys, which depart from the usual Enterprise Survey methodology, are conducted. Examples include 1) Informal Surveys- surveys of informal (unregistered) enterprises, 2) Micro Surveys- surveys fielded to registered firms with less than five employees, and 3) Financial Crisis Assessment Surveys- short surveys administered by telephone to assess the effects of the global financial crisis of 2008-09. The Enterprise Surveys Unit uses two instruments: the Manufacturing Questionnaire and the Services Questionnaire. Although many questions overlap, some are only applicable to one type of business. For example, retail firms are not asked about production and nonproduction workers. The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance. The mode of data collection is face-to-face interviews.

Aggregation method: Unweighted average

Periodicity: Annual