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This table presents comprehensive data on the global production of hydraulic cement, broken down by country or locality over the five-year period from 2019 to 2023. Hydraulic cement is a critical material in the construction industry, serving as the primary binder in concrete and mortar, which are essential for infrastructure development, housing, and industrial projects. Tracking production volumes by country provides valuable insights into regional industrial capacity, economic growth, and trends in construction demand. This data is crucial for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and analysts to understand supply dynamics, forecast market trends, and make informed decisions related to resource allocation and trade.
Analysis of the data reveals that China remains the dominant producer, with output exceeding 2 billion metric tons annually, although production declined from 2,367,812 thousand metric tons in 2021 to approximately 2,022,930 thousand metric tons in 2023. India shows a robust upward trend, increasing production from 334 million metric tons in 2019 to an estimated 420 million metric tons in 2023, reflecting rapid infrastructure development. Turkey also demonstrates significant growth, rising from 56,966 thousand metric tons in 2019 to 81,451 thousand metric tons in 2023. The United States maintained steady production around 90 million metric tons annually. Notable increases are seen in countries like Bangladesh, which rebounded to 38 million metric tons in 2023 after fluctuations, and Egypt, which saw production rise from 48,700 thousand metric tons in 2019 to over 51,600 thousand metric tons in 2023. Conversely, some countries such as Belgium and Czechia experienced declines in recent years. Overall, global production showed a slight dip in 2022 but recovered somewhat in 2023, with total world production estimated at 4.09 billion metric tons.
| TABLE 22 | |||||||||||
| HYDRAULIC CEMENT: WORLD PRODUCTION, BY COUNTRY OR LOCALITY1, 2 | |||||||||||
| (Thousand metric tons) | |||||||||||
| Country or locality | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | ||||||
| Afghanistane | 80 | 80 | 55 | r | 36 | r | 208 | ||||
| Albania | 1770 | 2522 | 2503 | 1730 | 2700 | e | |||||
| Algeriae | 26000 | 23000 | 26000 | 28000 | 28000 | ||||||
| Angolae | 2900 | 2800 | 2800 | 3129 | r | 3225 | |||||
| Argentina | 11082 | 9871 | 12126 | 12976 | 12557 | ||||||
| Armenia | 591 | 715 | 744 | 1004 | 1136 | ||||||
| Australiae | 9700 | r | 9600 | 9800 | 10000 | 10000 | |||||
| Austria | 5264 | 5404 | 5624 | 5434 | r | 4400 | e | ||||
| Azerbaijan | 3488 | 3237 | 3439 | 3561 | 3725 | ||||||
| Bahrain | 670 | 743 | r | 843 | r | 909 | r, e | 978 | e | ||
| Bangladesh3 | 33800 | 31400 | e | 38000 | r, e | 35000 | r, e | 38000 | e | ||
| Barbadose | 240 | 180 | 240 | 240 | 220 | ||||||
| Belarus | 4728 | 4736 | 4985 | 5000 | e | 5000 | e | ||||
| Belgium | 7752 | r | 7580 | r | 7627 | r | 7236 | r | 6638 | ||
| Belize | NA | NA | 47 | 56 | e | 69 | e | ||||
| Benine | 2600 | 2700 | 2900 | 3000 | 3090 | ||||||
| Bhutan | 1190 | r | 1066 | r | 899 | r | 803 | r | 800 | ||
| Bolivia | 3950 | 3210 | e | 3607 | r | 3889 | r | 3977 | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 955 | 1126 | 1097 | 1192 | r | 1200 | e | ||||
| Botswana | -- | -- | -- | 11 | e | 70 | e | ||||
| Brazil | 56611 | 61052 | 65884 | 63546 | 66526 | ||||||
| Brunei | 100 | r, e | 120 | r | 294 | r | 313 | r, e | 324 | e | |
| Bulgaria | 2456 | 2000 | 1989 | 1952 | 1986 | ||||||
| Burkina Faso | 2745 | 2800 | e | 3000 | e | 3100 | e | 3100 | e | ||
| Burma4 | 5100 | 6000 | 6700 | e | 8100 | e | 8500 | e | |||
| Burundie | 75 | 210 | 180 | 180 | 170 | ||||||
| Cambodia | 7400 | 7900 | 8700 | e | 8900 | e | 8700 | e | |||
| Cameroon | 2780 | 3440 | e | 4000 | r, e | 4100 | r, e | 4000 | e | ||
| Canada | 13116 | r | 13000 | r | 14000 | e | 13700 | r, e | 13700 | e | |
| Chad | 410 | 390 | 510 | 600 | e | 650 | e | ||||
| Chile | 5030 | 3797 | r | 4388 | r | 4000 | r, e | 3600 | e | ||
| China | 2340000 | 2377000 | 2362812 | 2037190 | r | 2022930 | |||||
| Colombia | 13013 | 11849 | 13797 | 14613 | 14211 | ||||||
| Congo (Brazzaville) | 730 | e | 600 | e | 748 | 894 | 1041 | ||||
| Congo (Kinshasa) | 1383 | 1284 | 1629 | 2073 | r | 2298 | |||||
| Costa Rica | 1090 | r | 972 | r | 975 | r | 1029 | r | 1030 | e | |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 4900 | 5000 | e | 5000 | e | 5000 | e | 5000 | e | ||
| Croatia | 3099 | r | 3106 | r | 3229 | r | 3111 | r | 3126 | ||
| Cuba | 1407 | 1015 | 817 | 680 | 520 | ||||||
| Cyprus | 1537 | 1496 | 1440 | 1858 | 1726 | ||||||
| Czechia | 4569 | 4513 | 4721 | 4476 | 3647 | ||||||
| Denmark | 2250 | 2490 | 2670 | 2510 | 2030 | ||||||
| Djibouti | 250 | 240 | e | 380 | e | 480 | e | 540 | e | ||
| Dominican Republic | 5644 | 5200 | 6500 | 6535 | 6500 | e | |||||
| Ecuadore | 5550 | 5100 | 5400 | r | 5400 | r | 5620 | ||||
| Egypt | 48700 | 44900 | 50000 | e | 53693 | r | 51633 | ||||
| El Salvador | 1280 | 1088 | r | 1330 | r | 1404 | r | 1610 | e | ||
| Eritreae | 180 | 160 | 180 | 180 | 180 | ||||||
| Estonia | 411 | 254 | 366 | 257 | 199 | ||||||
| Ethiopiae, 5 | 8700 | 9800 | 9200 | r | 9800 | r | 10300 | ||||
| Fiji | 128 | 97 | 92 | 114 | 104 | ||||||
| Finlande | 1430 | 1470 | 1500 | 1500 | 1400 | ||||||
| France | 16500 | 16700 | 16900 | e | 18000 | r, e | 16900 | e | |||
| French Guianae | 95 | 90 | 100 | 100 | 110 | ||||||
| Gabon | 540 | 530 | e | 550 | e | 570 | e | 542 | e | ||
| Georgia | 2681 | 2446 | 2701 | 2493 | r | 2673 | |||||
| Germany | 34185 | 35485 | 34966 | 32900 | r | 30000 | e | ||||
| Ghana | 5900 | 6700 | 7200 | r, e | 7400 | r, e | 7600 | e | |||
| Greece | 7219 | r | 6712 | r | 7088 | r | 6946 | r | 7000 | e | |
| Guadeloupee | 310 | 310 | 310 | 310 | 310 | ||||||
| Guatemala | 2890 | 3230 | e | 4081 | r | 4330 | r, e | 4550 | e | ||
| Guinea | 1500 | 1600 | e | 1600 | e | 1700 | e | 1800 | e | ||
| Guyanae | 410 | 400 | 520 | 570 | 1100 | ||||||
| Haitie | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | ||||||
| Honduras | 1800 | 1490 | 1650 | e | 1700 | 1855 | |||||
| Hong Kong | 1600 | 1500 | e | 1500 | e | 1600 | e | 1600 | e | ||
| Hungarye | 2500 | 2300 | 2500 | 2400 | 2300 | ||||||
| Indiae | 334000 | 290000 | 350000 | 380000 | 420000 | ||||||
| Indonesia | 71900 | 62700 | e | 65000 | e | 64790 | r | 66924 | |||
| Irane | 60400 | 68300 | 62700 | r | 64200 | r | 71400 | ||||
| Iraq | 27000 | e | 27750 | r | 31520 | r | 32400 | 35500 | e | ||
| Irelande | 3700 | 3400 | 3500 | 3600 | 3800 | ||||||
| Israel | 5000 | e | 3670 | r | 3790 | r | 3700 | r, e | 3780 | e | |
| Italy | 19482 | 19818 | 21445 | 21382 | 18744 | ||||||
| Jamaica | 759 | 940 | 979 | 957 | 963 | ||||||
| Japan | 53462 | 50905 | 50083 | 53207 | r | 47656 | |||||
| Jordan | 3470 | 3377 | r | 3952 | r | 3760 | r, e | 3870 | e | ||
| Kazakhstan | 10268 | 10962 | 12313 | 12099 | r | 12242 | |||||
| Kenya | 6163 | 7474 | 9248 | 9754 | r | 9616 | |||||
| Korea, North | 5600 | 5690 | 5960 | 6551 | r | 6600 | e | ||||
| Korea, Republic of | 50635 | 47518 | 49864 | 51062 | 51116 | ||||||
| Kosovoe | 816 | 815 | 848 | 763 | 794 | ||||||
| Kuwaite | 3900 | 3400 | 3740 | r | 3850 | r | 4100 | ||||
| Kyrgyzstan | 1947 | 1874 | 2491 | 2667 | 2969 | ||||||
| Laos | 5208 | 5400 | r | 5400 | r | 6850 | r | 7100 | e | ||
| Latviae | 1100 | 1100 | 1200 | 1250 | 1150 | ||||||
| Lebanon | 3203 | 1958 | 1948 | r | 2124 | 2150 | e | ||||
| Liberia | 343 | 416 | 535 | 474 | 501 | ||||||
| Libya | 3600 | 3621 | r | 5176 | r | 6100 | r, e | 6400 | e | ||
| Lithuania | 1223 | 1221 | 1354 | 1463 | 1088 | ||||||
| Luxembourg | 1201 | 1131 | 1204 | 1200 | e | 800 | e | ||||
| Madagascar | 120 | 150 | e | 150 | e | 150 | e | 150 | e | ||
| Malawi | 243 | 530 | e | 510 | e | 520 | e | 390 | e | ||
| Malaysia | 16102 | 19936 | 19961 | 19856 | 23191 | ||||||
| Malie | 1000 | 1500 | 1700 | 1800 | 1800 | ||||||
| Martiniquee | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 | ||||||
| Mauritania | 1000 | 1000 | e | 1000 | e | 1000 | e | 1000 | e | ||
| Mexico | 45163 | 47833 | 51559 | 49800 | e | 48000 | e | ||||
| Moldova | 1329 | 1235 | 1243 | 1200 | e | 1200 | e | ||||
| Mongolia | 1098 | 1182 | 1293 | 1374 | r | 1714 | |||||
| Morocco | 13691 | 12224 | r | 13983 | r | 12500 | r, e | 12600 | e | ||
| Mozambiquee | 2700 | 2700 | 2700 | 2800 | 2900 | ||||||
| Namibiae | 1000 | 901 | 970 | 900 | 900 | ||||||
| Nepal | 9860 | 8250 | e | 9000 | e | 6000 | e | 6000 | e | ||
| Netherlands | 3440 | 2980 | e | 2500 | e | 2500 | e | 2500 | e | ||
| New Caledonia | 77 | 73 | 68 | 69 | 69 | ||||||
| New Zealande | 1000 | 950 | 1000 | 1000 | 950 | ||||||
| Nicaragua | 675 | r | 774 | r | 864 | r | 813 | r, e | 854 | e | |
| Niger | 350 | 350 | e | 400 | e | 400 | e | 400 | e | ||
| Nigeriae | 22800 | 26200 | 28000 | r | 29000 | r | 27000 | ||||
| North Macedonia | 896 | 928 | 935 | 865 | 811 | ||||||
| Norway | 1480 | 1440 | e | 1520 | e | 1530 | e | 1400 | e | ||
| Oman | 5520 | 6730 | r | 6640 | r | 7960 | r, e | 8360 | e | ||
| Pakistan | 40500 | 43400 | 49571 | 44331 | r | 41819 | |||||
| Panama | 1370 | 749 | r | 1192 | r | 1380 | r, e | 1510 | e | ||
| Papua New Guineae | 140 | 130 | 150 | 160 | 160 | ||||||
| Paraguaye | 1100 | 1000 | 1100 | 1000 | r | 1800 | |||||
| Peru | 10574 | 9140 | 12855 | 13196 | r | 11404 | |||||
| Philippines | 27700 | 23000 | e | 27000 | e | 28700 | e | 30000 | e | ||
| Poland | 18653 | 18700 | 19325 | r | 18853 | r | 16785 | ||||
| Portugal | 4140 | 4290 | e | 4500 | e | 4500 | e | 5000 | e | ||
| Qatar | 4500 | 4400 | r | 5200 | r | 5400 | r, e | 5500 | e | ||
| Reunion | 250 | 218 | e | 242 | e | 280 | e | 275 | e | ||
| Romania | 9937 | 10539 | 10676 | 10204 | 9057 | ||||||
| Russia | 57676 | 56165 | 59700 | 61000 | r | 63000 | e | ||||
| Rwandae | 450 | 490 | 630 | r | 760 | r | 810 | ||||
| Saudi Arabia | 44341 | 53418 | 53699 | 52373 | r | 49194 | |||||
| Senegal | 6775 | 7038 | 7500 | e | 8000 | e | 9000 | e | |||
| Serbia | 2151 | 2364 | 2610 | 2625 | 2667 | ||||||
| Sierra Leone | 340 | 330 | e | 350 | e | 350 | e | 360 | e | ||
| Slovakia | 4031 | 4072 | 4165 | 3414 | r | 3400 | e | ||||
| Sloveniae | 970 | 960 | 920 | 950 | 888 | ||||||
| South Africa | 12726 | 10800 | 12500 | e | 12000 | e | 12000 | e | |||
| Spain | 16998 | 15600 | e | 18000 | e | 19000 | e | 19800 | e | ||
| Sri Lanka | 3397 | 3937 | 4396 | 3156 | r | 2680 | e | ||||
| Sudan | 2594 | 2387 | 2285 | 2260 | e | 2260 | e | ||||
| Surinamee | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | ||||||
| Swedene | 2700 | 2800 | 2800 | 2900 | 2700 | ||||||
| Switzerland | 4210 | 4150 | 4180 | 4150 | 3730 | ||||||
| Syria | 2065 | 2660 | r | 3750 | r | 4460 | r, e | 4550 | e | ||
| Taiwan | 11271 | 11786 | 11970 | 11223 | 10246 | ||||||
| Tajikistan | 4202 | 4243 | 4280 | r | 4353 | r | 4456 | ||||
| Tanzania | 6514 | 6496 | 6531 | 7598 | 7800 | e | |||||
| Thailand | 40261 | 38616 | 43600 | r | 42960 | r | 42740 | e | |||
| Togo | 1650 | 1550 | e | 1650 | 1700 | e | 1700 | e | |||
| Trinidad and Tobago | 678 | 632 | 723 | 707 | 719 | ||||||
| Tunisia | 8096 | 7161 | 8499 | 7889 | 7589 | ||||||
| Turkey | 56966 | 72299 | 78495 | 73708 | 81451 | ||||||
| Turkmenistane | 2400 | 1900 | 2000 | 2100 | 2700 | ||||||
| Uganda | 3072 | 3738 | 4605 | 4659 | r | 5100 | e | ||||
| Ukraine | 9201 | 9568 | 10781 | 5400 | e | 6600 | e | ||||
| United Arab Emiratese | 16100 | 11520 | r | 13280 | r | 13400 | r, e | 13400 | e | ||
| United Kingdom | 9079 | 8046 | 9008 | 8800 | r, e | 8400 | e | ||||
| United States6 | 88100 | 89800 | 91300 | 91600 | 90100 | e | |||||
| Uruguay | 737 | 825 | 900 | e | 970 | r, e | 1000 | e | |||
| Uzbekistan | 10990 | 12540 | 13043 | r | 11360 | r | 11930 | e | |||
| Venezuelae | 1500 | 1400 | 2500 | 2600 | 1500 | ||||||
| Vietnam | 105533 | 112283 | 111199 | 111252 | r | 106952 | |||||
| Yemen | 1900 | 1250 | r | 1620 | r | 2900 | r, e | 3000 | e | ||
| Zambia | 2480 | e | 2797 | 2732 | 2369 | r | 2769 | ||||
| Zimbabwe | 1220 | 1280 | e | 1400 | e | 1350 | r, e | 1500 | e | ||
| Total | 4200000 | 4210000 | r | 4360000 | r | 4060000 | r | 4090000 | |||
eEstimated. rRevised. NA Not available. -- Zero.
1Table includes data available through November 18, 2024. All data are reported unless otherwise noted; totals may include estimated data.
2World totals, U.S. data and estimated data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown. Even where presented unrounded, reported data are thought to be accurate to no more than three significant digits. Data are from a variety of sources, including the European Cement Association. Data may include clinker exports for some countries.
3Production is based on fiscal year, with a starting date of June 30 of the year shown.
4Production is based on fiscal year, with a starting date of March 31 of the year shown.
5Production is based on fiscal year, with a starting date of July 7 of the year shown.
6Portland and masonry cements only. Includes a small (less than 0.5% per year) component of double-counting where portland cement (not clinker) is consumed to make masonry cement; the precise amount of double-counting cannot be determined because of the involvement of portland cement stockpiles.
Source: United States Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program
See also: Cement statistics | Mineral commodity prices