| Economy - overview | Argentina benefits from rich natural resources, a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Although one of the world's wealthiest countries 100 years ago, Argentina suffered during most of the 20th century from recurring economic crises, persistent fiscal and current account deficits, high inflation, mounting external debt, and capital flight. A severe depression, growing public and external indebtedness, and an unprecedented bank run culminated in 2001 in the most serious economic, social, and political crisis in the country's turbulent history. Interim President Adolfo RODRIGUEZ SAA declared a default - the largest in history - on the government's foreign debt in December of that year, and abruptly resigned only a few days after taking office. His successor, Eduardo DUHALDE, announced an end to the peso's decade-long 1-to-1 peg to the US dollar in early 2002. The economy bottomed out that year, with real GDP 18% smaller than in 1998 and almost 60% of Argentines under the poverty line. Real GDP rebounded to grow by an average 8.5% annually over the subsequent six years, taking advantage of previously idled industrial capacity and labor, an audacious debt restructuring and reduced debt burden, excellent international financial conditions, and expansionary monetary and fiscal policies. Inflation also increased, however, during the administration of President Nestor KIRCHNER, which responded with price restraints on businesses, as well as export taxes and restraints, and beginning in 2007, with understating inflation data. Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER succeeded her husband as President in late 2007, and the rapid economic growth of previous years began to slow sharply the following year as government policies held back exports and the world economy fell into recession. The economy in 2010 rebounded strongly from the 2009 recession, but has slowed since late 2011 even as the government continued to rely on expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, which have kept inflation in the double digits. |
| GDP (purchasing power parity) | $746.9 billion (2012 est.)
$728.1 billion (2011 est.)
$668.8 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars |
| GDP (official exchange rate) | $474.8 billion (2012 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 2.6% (2012 est.)
8.9% (2011 est.)
9.2% (2010 est.) |
| GDP - per capita (PPP) | $18,200 (2012 est.)
$17,900 (2011 est.)
$16,700 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 10.3%
industry: 30.6%
services: 59.1% (2012 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | 30%
note: data are based on private estimates (2010) |
| Labor force | 17.07 million
note: urban areas only (2012 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture: 5%
industry: 23%
services: 72% (2009 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 7.2% (2012 est.)
7.2% (2011 est.) |
| Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 | total: 21.2%
male: 18.8%
female: 24.7% (2009) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: 1.5%
highest 10%: 32.3% (2010 est.) |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 45.8 (2009) |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 19.2% of GDP (2012 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $117.5 billion
expenditures: $132.8 billion (2012 est.) |
| Taxes and other revenues | 24.7% of GDP (2012 est.) |
| Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) | -3.2% of GDP (2012 est.) |
| Public debt | 41.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
41.7% of GDP (2011 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 25% (2012 est.)
21% (2011 est.)
note: data are derived from private estimates |
| Central bank discount rate | NA% |
| Commercial bank prime lending rate | 14.4% (31 December 2012 est.)
14.09% (31 December 2011 est.) |
| Stock of narrow money | $60.66 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
$50.25 billion (31 December 2011 est.) |
| Stock of money | $32.57 billion (31 December 2008)
$33.93 billion (31 December 2007) |
| Stock of broad money | $148.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
$123.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.) |
| Stock of quasi money | $46.18 billion (31 December 2008)
$45.92 billion (31 December 2007) |
| Stock of domestic credit | $158.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
$132.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.) |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | $43.58 billion (31 December 2011)
$63.91 billion (31 December 2010)
$48.93 billion (31 December 2009) |
| Agriculture - products | sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat; livestock |
| Industries | food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel |
| Industrial production growth rate | 6.5%
note: based on private estimates (2011 est.) |
| Current Account Balance | $1.433 billion (2012 est.)
-$6 million (2011 est.) |
| Exports | $85.36 billion (2012 est.)
$84.32 billion (2011 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | soybeans and derivatives, petroleum and gas, vehicles, corn, wheat |
| Exports - partners | Brazil 21.6%, China 7.3%, Chile 5.5%, US 5.5% (2011) |
| Imports | $67.33 billion (2012 est.)
$70.76 billion (2011 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and natural gas, organic chemicals, plastics |
| Imports - partners | Brazil 33.2%, US 14.4%, China 12.4%, Germany 4.7% (2011) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | $41.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
$46.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.) |
| Debt - external | $130.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
$136.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.) |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - at home | $100.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
$93.93 billion (31 December 2011 est.) |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad | $32.73 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
$31.33 billion (31 December 2011 est.) |
| Exchange rates | Argentine pesos (ARS) per US dollar -
4.569 (2012 est.)
4.1101 (2011 est.)
3.8963 (2010 est.)
3.7101 (2009)
3.1636 (2008) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year |
