| Location | north-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea |
| Geographic coordinates | 15 00 N, 30 00 E |
| Map references | Africa |
| Area | total: 1,861,484 sq km land: 1,731,671 sq km water: 129,813 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly less than one-fifth the size of the US |
| Land boundaries | total: 6,819 km border countries (7): Central African Republic 174 km, Chad 1403 km, Egypt 1276 km, Eritrea 682 km, Ethiopia 744 km, Libya 382 km, South Sudan 2158 km note: Sudan-South Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei region pending negotiations between Sudan and South Sudan |
| Coastline | 853 km |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 18 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
| Climate | hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November) |
| Terrain | generally flat, featureless plain; desert dominates the north |
| Elevation extremes | highest point: Jabal Marrah 3,042 m lowest point: Red Sea 0 m mean elevation: 568 m |
| Natural resources | petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold; hydropower |
| Land use | agricultural land: 100% (2018 est.) arable land: 15.7% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 84.2% (2018 est.) forest: 0% (2018 est.) other: 0% (2018 est.) |
| Irrigated land | 18,900 sq km (2012) |
| Total renewable water resources | 37.8 billion cubic meters (2017 est.) |
| Natural hazards | dust storms and periodic persistent droughts |
| Geography - note | the Nile is Sudan's primary water source; its major tributaries, the White Nile and the Blue Nile, meet at Khartoum to form the River Nile which flows northward through Egypt to the Mediterranean Sea |
Source: CIA World Factbook
This page was last updated on September 18, 2021
