| Location | Southeastern Europe, between Macedonia and Hungary |
| Geographic coordinates | 44 00 N, 21 00 E |
| Map references | Europe |
| Area | total: 77,474 sq km land: 77,474 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than South Carolina |
| Land boundaries | total: 2,322 km border countries (8): Bosnia and Herzegovina 345 km, Bulgaria 344 km, Croatia 314 km, Hungary 164 km, Kosovo 366 km, Macedonia 101 km, Montenegro 157 km, Romania 531 km |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) |
| Climate | in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well-distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns) |
| Terrain | extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills |
| Elevation extremes | highest point: Midzor 2,169 m lowest point: Danube and Timok Rivers 35 m mean elevation: 442 m |
| Natural resources | oil, gas, coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, chromite, gold, silver, magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, arable land |
| Land use | agricultural land: 57.9% (2018 est.) arable land: 37.7% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 3.4% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 16.8% (2018 est.) forest: 31.6% (2018 est.) other: 10.5% (2018 est.) |
| Irrigated land | 950 sq km (2012) |
| Total renewable water resources | 162.2 billion cubic meters (note - includes Kosovo) (2017 est.) |
| Natural hazards | destructive earthquakes |
| Geography - note | landlocked; controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East |
Source: CIA World Factbook
This page was last updated on September 18, 2021
