Turkey - Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies outside region (% of total merchandise exports)

Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies outside region (% of total merchandise exports) in Turkey was 23.41 as of 2020. Its highest value over the past 60 years was 40.91 in 1982, while its lowest value was 5.44 in 1967.

Definition: Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies outside region are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to other low- and middle-income economies in other World Bank regions according to the World Bank classification of economies. Data are expressed as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data.

Source: World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.

See also:

Year Value
1960 9.59
1961 11.33
1962 6.72
1963 6.80
1964 7.54
1965 6.98
1966 5.52
1967 5.44
1968 7.58
1969 7.55
1970 9.84
1971 10.97
1972 12.07
1973 16.03
1974 16.22
1975 17.37
1976 11.80
1977 13.46
1978 15.34
1979 17.49
1980 19.54
1981 37.20
1982 40.91
1983 38.49
1984 35.01
1985 34.40
1986 29.52
1987 24.63
1988 25.84
1989 19.90
1990 16.46
1991 16.55
1992 14.88
1993 16.42
1994 15.00
1995 14.68
1996 13.17
1997 10.89
1998 11.79
1999 11.29
2000 9.54
2001 10.61
2002 10.17
2003 12.13
2004 12.83
2005 14.25
2006 13.71
2007 14.04
2008 16.48
2009 24.00
2010 24.25
2011 23.73
2012 29.04
2013 28.66
2014 26.97
2015 25.25
2016 24.58
2017 23.33
2018 23.44
2019 24.03
2020 23.41

Development Relevance: Although global integration has increased, low- and middle-income economies still face trade barriers when accessing other markets.

Limitations and Exceptions: Data on exports and imports are from the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) Direction of Trade database and should be broadly consistent with data from other sources, such as the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. All high-income economies and major low- and middle-income economies report trade data to the IMF on a timely basis, covering about 85 percent of trade for recent years. Trade data for less timely reporters and for countries that do not report are estimated using reports of trading partner countries. Therefore, data on trade between developing and high-income economies should be generally complete. But trade flows between many low- and middle-income economies - particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa - are not well recorded, and the value of trade among low- and middle-income economies may be understated.

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual

Classification

Topic: Private Sector & Trade Indicators

Sub-Topic: Exports