Tonga - Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births)

The value for Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births) in Tonga was 8.60 as of 2020. As the graph below shows, over the past 57 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 52.20 in 1963 and a minimum value of 8.60 in 2020.

Definition: Infant mortality rate, female is the number of female infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 female live births in a given year.

Source: Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.

See also:

Year Value
1963 52.20
1964 49.30
1965 46.60
1966 43.90
1967 41.40
1968 39.00
1969 36.60
1970 34.50
1971 32.50
1972 30.80
1973 29.20
1974 27.80
1975 26.50
1976 25.40
1977 24.30
1978 23.30
1979 22.40
1980 21.60
1981 20.90
1982 20.30
1983 19.80
1984 19.30
1985 18.90
1986 18.50
1987 18.00
1988 17.50
1989 17.00
1990 16.50
1991 15.90
1992 15.30
1993 14.90
1994 14.40
1995 14.10
1996 13.80
1997 13.50
1998 13.30
1999 13.00
2000 12.70
2001 12.30
2002 12.00
2003 11.70
2004 11.40
2005 11.10
2006 10.80
2007 10.50
2008 10.30
2009 10.10
2010 9.90
2011 9.80
2012 9.60
2013 9.50
2014 9.40
2015 9.40
2016 9.30
2017 9.20
2018 9.00
2019 8.80
2020 8.60

Development Relevance: Mortality rates for different age groups (infants, children, and adults) and overall mortality indicators (life expectancy at birth or survival to a given age) are important indicators of health status in a country. Because data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. And they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development across countries.

Limitations and Exceptions: Complete vital registration systems are fairly uncommon in developing countries. Thus estimates must be obtained from sample surveys or derived by applying indirect estimation techniques to registration, census, or survey data. Survey data are subject to recall error, and surveys estimating infant/child deaths require large samples because households in which a birth has occurred during a given year cannot ordinarily be preselected for sampling. Indirect estimates rely on model life tables that may be inappropriate for the population concerned. Extrapolations based on outdated surveys may not be reliable for monitoring changes in health status or for comparative analytical work.

Statistical Concept and Methodology: The main sources of mortality data are vital registration systems and direct or indirect estimates based on sample surveys or censuses. A "complete" vital registration system - covering at least 90 percent of vital events in the population - is the best source of age-specific mortality data. Estimates of neonatal, infant, and child mortality tend to vary by source and method for a given time and place. Years for available estimates also vary by country, making comparisons across countries and over time difficult. To make neonatal, infant, and child mortality estimates comparable and to ensure consistency across estimates by different agencies, the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), which comprises the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank, the United Nations Population Division, and other universities and research institutes, developed and adopted a statistical method that uses all available information to reconcile differences. The method uses statistical models to obtain a best estimate trend line by fitting a country-specific regression model of mortality rates against their reference dates.

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual

General Comments: Given that data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Moreover, they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development ac

Classification

Topic: Health Indicators

Sub-Topic: Mortality