San Marino vs. Italy
Geography
| San Marino | Italy | |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy | Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia |
| Geographic coordinates | 43 46 N, 12 25 E | 42 50 N, 12 50 E |
| Map references | Europe | Europe |
| Area | total: 61 sq km land: 61 sq km water: 0 sq km | total: 301,340 sq km land: 294,140 sq km water: 7,200 sq km note: includes Sardinia and Sicily |
| Area - comparative | about one-third the size of Washington, DC | almost twice the size of Georgia; slightly larger than Arizona |
| Land boundaries | total: 37 km border countries (1): Italy 37 km | total: 1,836.4 km border countries (6): Austria 404 km, France 476 km, Holy See (Vatican City) 3.4 km, San Marino 37 km, Slovenia 218 km, Switzerland 698 km |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | 7,600 km |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
| Climate | Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers | predominantly Mediterranean; alpine in far north; hot, dry in south |
| Terrain | rugged mountains | mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands |
| Elevation extremes | highest point: Monte Titano 739 m lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m | highest point: Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) de Courmayeur (a secondary peak of Mont Blanc) 4,748 m lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m mean elevation: 538 m |
| Natural resources | building stone | coal, antimony, mercury, zinc, potash, marble, barite, asbestos, pumice, fluorspar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, arable land |
| Land use | agricultural land: 16.7% (2018 est.) arable land: 16.7% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.) forest: 0% (2018 est.) other: 83.3% (2018 est.) | agricultural land: 47.1% (2018 est.) arable land: 22.8% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 8.6% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 15.7% (2018 est.) forest: 31.4% (2018 est.) other: 21.5% (2018 est.) |
| Irrigated land | 0 sq km (2012) | 39,500 sq km (2012) |
| Natural hazards | occasional earthquakes | regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice volcanism: significant volcanic activity; Etna (3,330 m), which is in eruption as of 2010, is Europe's most active volcano; flank eruptions pose a threat to nearby Sicilian villages; Etna, along with the famous Vesuvius, which remains a threat to the millions of nearby residents in the Bay of Naples area, have both been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Stromboli, on its namesake island, has also been continuously active with moderate volcanic activity; other historically active volcanoes include Campi Flegrei, Ischia, Larderello, Pantelleria, Vulcano, and Vulsini |
| Environment - current issues | air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands; water shortage | air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfur dioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and agricultural effluents; acid rain damaging lakes; inadequate industrial waste treatment and disposal facilities |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol |
| Geography - note | landlocked; an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennine Mountains | strategic location dominating central Mediterranean as well as southern sea and air approaches to Western Europe |
Source: CIA Factbook
