Home

Romania vs. Ukraine

Demographics

RomaniaUkraine
Population21,230,362 (July 2021 est.)43,745,640 (July 2021 est.)
Age structure0-14 years: 14.12% (male 1,545,196/female 1,463,700)

15-24 years: 10.31% (male 1,126,997/female 1,068,817)

25-54 years: 46.26% (male 4,993,886/female 4,860,408)

55-64 years: 11.73% (male 1,176,814/female 1,322,048)

65 years and over: 17.58% (male 1,516,472/female 2,228,555) (2020 est.)
0-14 years: 16.16% (male 3,658,127/female 3,438,887)

15-24 years: 9.28% (male 2,087,185/female 1,987,758)

25-54 years: 43.66% (male 9,456,905/female 9,718,758)

55-64 years: 13.87% (male 2,630,329/female 3,463,851)

65 years and over: 17.03% (male 2,523,600/female 4,957,539) (2020 est.)
Median agetotal: 42.5 years

male: 41 years

female: 44 years (2020 est.)
total: 41.2 years

male: 38.2 years

female: 44.3 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate-0.38% (2021 est.)-0.49% (2021 est.)
Birth rate8.39 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)9.23 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Death rate11.99 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)13.9 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Net migration rate-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)-0.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Sex ratioat birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female

total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.97 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.76 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.51 male(s)/female

total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
Infant mortality ratetotal: 9.41 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 10.82 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 7.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
total: 7.44 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 8.38 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 6.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
Life expectancy at birthtotal population: 76.3 years

male: 72.88 years

female: 79.94 years (2021 est.)
total population: 73.18 years

male: 68.51 years

female: 78.15 years (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate1.38 children born/woman (2021 est.)1.56 children born/woman (2021 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate0.1% (2020 est.)1% (2020 est.)
Nationalitynoun: Romanian(s)

adjective: Romanian
noun: Ukrainian(s)

adjective: Ukrainian
Ethnic groupsRomanian 83.4%, Hungarian 6.1%, Romani 3.1%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.2%, other 0.7%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.)

note: Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 5-11% of Romania's population
Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS19,000 (2020 est.)

note: estimate does not include children
260,000 (2020 est.)
ReligionsEastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 81.9%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformed and Pentecostal) 6.4%, Roman Catholic 4.3%, other (includes Muslim) 0.9%, none or atheist 0.2%, unspecified 6.3% (2011 est.)Orthodox (includes the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU), Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC), and the Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP)), Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish (2013 est.)

note: Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; the vast majority - up to two thirds - identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not specify a particular branch; the OCU and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's population, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8-10%, and the UAOC accounts for 1-2%; Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population
HIV/AIDS - deaths<500 (2020 est.)

note: estimate does not include children
3,100 (2020 est.)
LanguagesRomanian (official) 85.4%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 1%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Cartea informativa a lumii, sursa indispensabila pentru informatii de baza. (Romanian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Ukrainian (official) 67.5%, Russian (regional language) 29.6%, other (includes small Crimean Tatar-, Moldovan/Romanian-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) 2.9% (2001 est.); note - in February 2018, the Constitutional Court ruled that 2012 language legislation entitling a language spoken by at least 10% of an oblast's population to be given the status of "regional language" - allowing for its use in courts, schools, and other government institutions - was unconstitutional, thus making the law invalid; Ukrainian remains the country's only official nationwide language

major-language sample(s):
??i???? ????? ????i? - ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????. (Ukrainian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Literacydefinition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98.8%

male: 99.1%

female: 98.6% (2018)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99.8%

male: 99.8%

female: 99.7% (2015)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)total: 14 years

male: 14 years

female: 15 years (2018)
total: 15 years

male: 15 years

female: 15 years (2014)
Education expenditures3.1% of GDP (2017)5.4% of GDP (2017)
Urbanizationurban population: 54.3% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: -0.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 69.8% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: -0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Drinking water sourceimproved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2017 est.)
improved: urban: 99.5% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 99.4% of population

unimproved: urban: 0.5% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0.6% of population (2017 est.)
Sanitation facility accessimproved: urban: 95.3% of population

rural: 71.5% of population

total: 84.3% of population

unimproved: urban: 4.7% of population

rural: 28.5% of population

total: 15.7% of population (2017 est.)
improved: urban: 99.4% of population

rural: 96.3% of population

total: 98.4% of population

unimproved: urban: 0.6% of population

rural: 3.7% of population

total: 1.6% of population (2017 est.)
Major cities - population1.794 million BUCHAREST (capital) (2021)3.001 million KYIV (capital), 1.426 million Kharkiv, 1.009 million Odesa, 952,000 Dnipropetrovsk, 899,000 Donetsk (2021)
Maternal mortality rate19 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)19 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Health expenditures5.6% (2018)7.7% (2018)
Physicians density2.98 physicians/1,000 population (2017)2.99 physicians/1,000 population (2014)
Hospital bed density6.9 beds/1,000 population (2017)7.5 beds/1,000 population (2014)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate22.5% (2016)24.1% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth26.9 years (2019 est.)26.2 years (2019 est.)
Dependency ratiostotal dependency ratio: 53.3

youth dependency ratio: 23.8

elderly dependency ratio: 29.5

potential support ratio: 3.4 (2020 est.)
total dependency ratio: 49.1

youth dependency ratio: 23.8

elderly dependency ratio: 25.3

potential support ratio: 4 (2020 est.)

note: data include Crimea

Source: CIA Factbook