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Poland vs. Germany

Demographics

PolandGermany
Population38,185,913 (July 2021 est.)79,903,481 (July 2021 est.)
Age structure0-14 years: 14.83% (male 2,918,518/female 2,756,968)

15-24 years: 9.8% (male 1,928,637/female 1,823,894)

25-54 years: 43.33% (male 8,384,017/female 8,203,646)

55-64 years: 13.32% (male 2,424,638/female 2,675,351)

65 years and over: 18.72% (male 2,867,315/female 4,299,341) (2020 est.)
0-14 years: 12.89% (male 5,302,850/female 5,025,863)

15-24 years: 9.81% (male 4,012,412/female 3,854,471)

25-54 years: 38.58% (male 15,553,328/female 15,370,417)

55-64 years: 15.74% (male 6,297,886/female 6,316,024)

65 years and over: 22.99% (male 8,148,873/female 10,277,538) (2020 est.)
Median agetotal: 41.9 years

male: 40.3 years

female: 43.6 years (2020 est.)
total: 47.8 years

male: 46.5 years

female: 49.1 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate-0.23% (2021 est.)-0.21% (2021 est.)
Birth rate8.69 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)8.63 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Death rate10.68 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)12.22 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Net migration rate-0.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Sex ratioat birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female

total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female

total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
Infant mortality ratetotal: 4.22 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 4.64 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 3.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
total: 3.24 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 3.61 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 2.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
Life expectancy at birthtotal population: 78.53 years

male: 74.76 years

female: 82.51 years (2021 est.)
total population: 81.3 years

male: 78.93 years

female: 83.8 years (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate1.39 children born/woman (2021 est.)1.48 children born/woman (2021 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rateNA0.1% (2020 est.)
Nationalitynoun: Pole(s)

adjective: Polish
noun: German(s)

adjective: German
Ethnic groupsPolish 96.9%, Silesian 1.1%, German 0.2%, Ukrainian 0.1%, other and unspecified 1.7% (2011 est.)

note: represents ethnicity declared first
German 86.3%, Turkish 1.8%, Polish 1%, Syrian 1%, Romanian 1%, other/stateless/unspecified 8.9% (2020 est.)

note:  data represent population by nationality
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDSNA93,000 (2020 est.)

note: estimate does not include children
ReligionsCatholic 85.9% (includes Roman Catholic 85.6% and Greek Catholic, Armenian Catholic, and Byzantine-Slavic Catholic .3%), Orthodox 1.3% (almost all are Polish Autocephalous Orthodox), Protestant 0.4% (mainly Augsburg Evangelical and Pentacostal), other 0.4% (includes Jehovah's Witness, Buddhist, Hare Krishna, Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Muslim, Jewish, Mormon), unspecified 12.1% (2017 est.)Roman Catholic 27.1%, Protestant 24.9%, Muslim 5.2%, Orthodox 2%, other Christian 1%, other 1%, none 38.8% (2019 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deathsNA<500 (2020 est.)

note: estimate does not include children
LanguagesPolish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.3%; note - data represent the language spoken at home; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Poland ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2009 recognizing Kashub as a regional language, Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages, and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Ksiega Faktów Swiata, niezbedne zródlo podstawowych informacji. (Polish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
German (official); note - Danish, Frisian, Sorbian, and Romani are official minority languages; Low German, Danish, North Frisian, Sater Frisian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, and Romani are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

major-language sample(s):
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)total: 16 years

male: 15 years

female: 17 years (2018)
total: 17 years

male: 17 years

female: 17 years (2018)
Education expenditures4.6% of GDP (2017)4.9% of GDP (2017)
Urbanizationurban population: 60.1% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: -0.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 77.5% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: 0.13% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Drinking water sourceimproved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2017 est.)
improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2017 est.)
Sanitation facility accessimproved: urban: 99.7% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 99.8% of population

unimproved: urban: 0.3% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0.2% of population (2017 est.)
improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2017 est.)
Major cities - population1.790 million WARSAW (capital), 769,000 Krakow (2021)3.567 million BERLIN (capital), 1.789 million Hamburg, 1.553 million Munich, 1.129 million Cologne, 785,000 Frankfurt (2021)
Maternal mortality rate2 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight0.7% (2010/12)0.5% (2014/17)
Health expenditures6.3% (2018)11.4% (2018)
Physicians density2.38 physicians/1,000 population (2017)4.25 physicians/1,000 population (2017)
Hospital bed density6.6 beds/1,000 population (2017)8 beds/1,000 population (2017)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate23.1% (2016)22.3% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth27.6 years (2019 est.)29.8 years (2019 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate62.3% (2014)67% (2018)

note: percent of women aged 18-49
Dependency ratiostotal dependency ratio: 51.4

youth dependency ratio: 23

elderly dependency ratio: 28.4

potential support ratio: 3.5 (2020 est.)
total dependency ratio: 55.4

youth dependency ratio: 21.7

elderly dependency ratio: 33.7

potential support ratio: 3 (2020 est.)

Source: CIA Factbook