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Estonia vs. Russia

Demographics

EstoniaRussia
Population1,220,042 (July 2021 est.)142,320,790 (July 2021 est.)
Age structure0-14 years: 16.22% (male 102,191/female 97,116)

15-24 years: 8.86% (male 56,484/female 52,378)

25-54 years: 40.34% (male 252,273/female 243,382)

55-64 years: 13.58% (male 76,251/female 90,576)

65 years and over: 21% (male 89,211/female 168,762) (2020 est.)
0-14 years: 17.24% (male 12,551,611/female 11,881,297)

15-24 years: 9.54% (male 6,920,070/female 6,602,776)

25-54 years: 43.38% (male 30,240,260/female 31,245,104)

55-64 years: 14.31% (male 8,808,330/female 11,467,697)

65 years and over: 15.53% (male 7,033,381/female 14,971,679) (2020 est.)
Median agetotal: 43.7 years

male: 40.4 years

female: 47 years (2020 est.)
total: 40.3 years

male: 37.5 years

female: 43.2 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate-0.69% (2021 est.)-0.2% (2021 est.)
Birth rate9.03 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)9.71 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Death rate13.06 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)13.4 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Net migration rate-2.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Sex ratioat birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.08 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.84 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.53 male(s)/female

total population: 0.88 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.97 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.77 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.47 male(s)/female

total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
Infant mortality ratetotal: 3.47 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 3.32 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 3.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
total: 6.51 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 7.38 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 5.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
Life expectancy at birthtotal population: 77.63 years

male: 72.98 years

female: 82.51 years (2021 est.)
total population: 72.16 years

male: 66.61 years

female: 78.05 years (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate1.61 children born/woman (2021 est.)1.6 children born/woman (2021 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate0.8% (2020 est.)1.2% (2017 est.)
Nationalitynoun: Estonian(s)

adjective: Estonian
noun: Russian(s)

adjective: Russian
Ethnic groupsEstonian 68.7%, Russian 24.8%, Ukrainian 1.7%, Belarusian 1%, Finn 0.6%, other 1.6%, unspecified 1.6% (2011 est.)Russian 77.7%, Tatar 3.7%, Ukrainian 1.4%, Bashkir 1.1%, Chuvash 1%, Chechen 1%, other 10.2%, unspecified 3.9% (2010 est.)

note: nearly 200 national and/or ethnic groups are represented in Russia's 2010 census
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS7,100 (2020 est.)

note: estimate does not include children
1 million (2017 est.)
ReligionsOrthodox 16.2%, Lutheran 9.9%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 2.2%, other 0.9%, none 54.1%, unspecified 16.7% (2011 est.)Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.)

note: estimates are of practicing worshipers; Russia has large populations of non-practicing believers and non-believers, a legacy of over seven decades of official atheism under Soviet rule; Russia officially recognizes Orthodox Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism as the country's traditional religions
HIV/AIDS - deaths<100 (2020 est.)

note: estimate does not include children
NA
LanguagesEstonian (official) 68.5%, Russian 29.6%, Ukrainian 0.6%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)Russian (official) 85.7%, Tatar 3.2%, Chechen 1%, other 10.1%; note - data represent native language spoken (2010 est.)

major-language sample(s):
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The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Literacydefinition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99.8%

male: 99.8%

female: 99.8% (2015)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99.7%

male: 99.7%

female: 99.7% (2018)
Major infectious diseasesdegree of risk: intermediate (2020)

vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis
degree of risk: intermediate (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea

vectorborne diseases: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, tickborne encephalitis

note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the Russia; as of 19 July 2021, Russia has reported a total of 6,006,536 cases of COVID-19 or 4,115.91 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 102.73 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 22.04% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)total: 15 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2018)
total: 16 years

male: 16 years

female: 16 years (2018)
Education expenditures5% of GDP (2017)4.7% of GDP (2017)
Urbanizationurban population: 69.4% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: -0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 74.9% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Drinking water sourceimproved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2017 est.)
improved: urban: 98.6% of population

rural: 94.2% of population

total: 97.1% of population

unimproved: urban: 1.4% of population

rural: 5.8% of population

total: 2.9% of population (2017 est.)
Sanitation facility accessimproved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2017 est.)
improved: urban: 94.8% of population

rural: 78.1% of population

total: 90.5% of population

unimproved: urban: 5.2% of population

rural: 21.9% of population

total: 9.5% of population (2017 est.)
Major cities - population449,000 TALLINN (capital) (2021)12.593 million MOSCOW (capital), 5.504 million Saint Petersburg, 1.676 million Novosibirsk, 1.513 million Yekaterinburg, 1.280 million Kazan, 1.255 million Nizhniy Novgorod (2021)
Maternal mortality rate9 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)17 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Health expenditures6.7% (2018)5.3% (2018)
Physicians density4.48 physicians/1,000 population (2018)3.75 physicians/1,000 population (2015)
Hospital bed density4.7 beds/1,000 population (2017)8.1 beds/1,000 population (2017)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate21.2% (2016)23.1% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth28.2 years (2019 est.)25.2 years (2013 est.)
Dependency ratiostotal dependency ratio: 58.4

youth dependency ratio: 26.1

elderly dependency ratio: 32.3

potential support ratio: 3.1 (2020 est.)
total dependency ratio: 51.2

youth dependency ratio: 27.8

elderly dependency ratio: 23.5

potential support ratio: 4.3 (2020 est.)

Source: CIA Factbook