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Bangladesh vs. India

Demographics

BangladeshIndia
Population164,098,818 (July 2021 est.)1,339,330,514 (July 2021 est.)
Age structure0-14 years: 26.48% (male 21,918,651/female 21,158,574)

15-24 years: 18.56% (male 15,186,470/female 15,001,950)

25-54 years: 40.72% (male 31,694,267/female 34,535,643)

55-64 years: 7.41% (male 5,941,825/female 6,115,856)

65 years and over: 6.82% (male 5,218,206/female 5,879,411) (2020 est.)
0-14 years: 26.31% (male 185,017,089/female 163,844,572)

15-24 years: 17.51% (male 123,423,531/female 108,739,780)

25-54 years: 41.56% (male 285,275,667/female 265,842,319)

55-64 years: 7.91% (male 52,444,817/female 52,447,038)

65 years and over: 6.72% (male 42,054,459/female 47,003,975) (2020 est.)
Median agetotal: 27.9 years

male: 27.1 years

female: 28.6 years (2020 est.)
total: 28.7 years

male: 28 years

female: 29.5 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate0.95% (2021 est.)1.04% (2021 est.)
Birth rate17.88 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)17.53 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Death rate5.44 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Net migration rate-2.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)-0.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Sex ratioat birth: 1.04 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.92 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female

total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
at birth: 1.11 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.13 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.14 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female

total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
Infant mortality ratetotal: 31.13 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 33.82 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 28.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
total: 39.55 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 39.47 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 39.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
Life expectancy at birthtotal population: 74.43 years

male: 72.25 years

female: 76.7 years (2021 est.)
total population: 70.03 years

male: 68.71 years

female: 71.49 years (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate2.1 children born/woman (2021 est.)2.28 children born/woman (2021 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate<.1% (2018 est.)0.2% (2017 est.)
Nationalitynoun: Bangladeshi(s)

adjective: Bangladeshi
noun: Indian(s)

adjective: Indian
Ethnic groupsBengali at least 98%, other indigenous ethnic groups 1.1% (2011 est.)

note: Bangladesh's government recognizes 27 indigenous ethnic groups under the 2010 Cultural Institution for Small Anthropological Groups Act; other sources estimate there are about 75 ethnic groups; critics of the 2011 census claim that it underestimates the size of Bangladesh's ethnic population
Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS14,000 (2018 est.)2.3 million (2020 est.)
ReligionsMuslim 89.1%, Hindu 10%, other 0.9% (includes Buddhist, Christian) (2013 est.)Hindu 79.8%, Muslim 14.2%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.7%, other and unspecified 2% (2011 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths<1000 (2018 est.)69,000 (2017 est.)
LanguagesBangla 98.8% (official, also known as Bengali), other 1.2% (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):
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The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6%; note - English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; there are 22 other officially recognized languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):
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The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Literacydefinition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 74.7%

male: 77.4%

female: 72% (2019)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 74.4%

male: 82.4%

female: 65.8% (2018)
Major infectious diseasesdegree of risk: high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations

water contact diseases: leptospirosis

animal contact diseases: rabies

note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Bangladesh; as of 19 July 2021, Bangladesh has reported a total of 1,128,889 cases of COVID-19 or 685.47 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 11.13 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 3.54% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine
degree of risk: very high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria

water contact diseases: leptospirosis

animal contact diseases: rabies

note: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are being reported across 27 States and Union Territories in India; as of 20 July 2021, India has reported a total of 31,174,322 cases of COVID-19 or 2,259 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 30.03 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 23.65% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; effective 4 May 2021, the US has banned most travel from India to the US
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)total: 12 years

male: 12 years

female: 12 years (2018)
total: 12 years

male: 11 years

female: 12 years (2019)
Education expenditures1.3% of GDP (2019)3.8% of GDP (2013)
Urbanizationurban population: 38.9% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: 2.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 35.4% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: 2.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Drinking water sourceimproved: urban: 98.9% of population

rural: 98.4% of population

total: 98.6% of population

unimproved: urban: 1.1% of population

rural: 1.6% of population

total: 1.4% of population (2017 est.)
improved: urban: 96% of population

rural: 91% of population

total: 92.7% of population

unimproved: urban: 4% of population

rural: 9% of population

total: 7.2% of population (2017 est.)
Sanitation facility accessimproved: urban: 82.5% of population

rural: 64.4% of population

total: 70.9% of population

unimproved: urban: 17.5% of population

rural: 35.6% of population

total: 29.1% of population (2017 est.)
improved: urban: 93.7% of population

rural: 61.1% of population

total: 72% of population

unimproved: urban: 6.3% of population

rural: 38.9% of population

total: 28% of population (2017 est.)
Major cities - population21.741 million DHAKA (capital), 5.133 million Chittagong, 949,000 Khulna, 924,000 Rajshahi, 890,000 Sylhet, Bogra 820,000 (2021)31.181 million NEW DELHI (capital), 20.668 million Mumbai, 14.974 million Kolkata, 12.765 million Bangalore, 11.235 million Chennai, 10.269 million Hyderabad (2021)
Maternal mortality rate173 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)145 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight22.6% (2019)33.4% (2016/18)
Health expenditures2.3% (2018)3.5% (2018)
Physicians density0.58 physicians/1,000 population (2018)0.86 physicians/1,000 population (2018)
Hospital bed density0.8 beds/1,000 population (2016)0.5 beds/1,000 population (2017)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate3.6% (2016)3.9% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth18.6 years (2017/18 est.)

note: median age at first birth among women 20-49
21 years (2015/16)

note: median age a first birth among women 25-49
Contraceptive prevalence rate62.7% (2019)53.5% (2015/16)
Dependency ratiostotal dependency ratio: 47

youth dependency ratio: 39.3

elderly dependency ratio: 7.7

potential support ratio: 13 (2020 est.)
total dependency ratio: 48.7

youth dependency ratio: 38.9

elderly dependency ratio: 9.8

potential support ratio: 10.2 (2020 est.)

Source: CIA Factbook