| Population | 5,579,889 (July 2021 est.) note: some sources suggest Turkmenistan's population could be as much as 1 to 2 million people lower than available estimates because of large-scale emigration during the last 10 years |
| Nationality | noun: Turkmenistani(s) adjective: Turkmenistani |
| Ethnic groups | Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003 est.) |
| Languages | Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7% major-language sample(s): Dünýä Facebooky, esasy maglumat üçin aýrylmaz bir çesme dir. (Turkmen) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. |
| Religions | Muslim 93%, Christian 6.4%, Buddhist <1%, folk religion <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unspecified <1% (2020 est.) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 25.44% (male 713,441/female 693,042) 15-24 years: 16.48% (male 458,566/female 452,469) 25-54 years: 44.14% (male 1,214,581/female 1,226,027) 55-64 years: 8.56% (male 221,935/female 251,238) 65 years and over: 5.38% (male 129,332/female 167,996) (2020 est.) |
| Dependency ratios | total dependency ratio: 55.2 youth dependency ratio: 47.8 elderly dependency ratio: 7.4 potential support ratio: 13.5 (2020 est.) |
| Median age | total: 29.2 years male: 28.7 years female: 29.7 years (2020 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 1.02% (2021 est.) |
| Birth rate | 17.85 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Death rate | 5.95 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Net migration rate | -1.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Population distribution | the most densely populated areas are the southern, eastern, and northeastern oases; approximately 50% of the population lives in and around the capital of Ashgabat |
| Urbanization | urban population: 53% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 2.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Major cities - population | 865,000 ASHGABAT (capital) (2021) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.88 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2020 est.) |
| Mother's mean age at first birth | 24.2 years (2019) |
| Maternal mortality rate | 7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 38.54 deaths/1,000 live births male: 46.87 deaths/1,000 live births female: 29.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 71.54 years male: 68.5 years female: 74.73 years (2021 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 2.04 children born/woman (2021 est.) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | 49.7% (2019) |
| Drinking water source | improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.) |
| Health expenditures | 6.6% (2018) |
| Physicians density | 2.23 physicians/1,000 population (2014) |
| Hospital bed density | 4 beds/1,000 population (2014) |
| Sanitation facility access | improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | NA |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | NA |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths | NA |
| Obesity - adult prevalence rate | 18.6% (2016) |
| Children under the age of 5 years underweight | 3.1% (2019) |
| Education expenditures | 3.1% of GDP (2012) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.7% male: 99.8% female: 99.6% (2015) |
| School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | total: 13 years male: 13 years female: 13 years (2019) |
Source: CIA World Factbook
This page was last updated on September 18, 2021
