| Population | 47,260,584 (July 2021 est.) |
| Nationality | noun: Spaniard(s) adjective: Spanish |
| Ethnic groups | Spanish 84.8%, Moroccan 1.7%, Romanian 1.2%, other 12.3% (2021 est.) note: data represent population by country of birth |
| Languages | Castilian Spanish (official nationwide) 74%, Catalan (official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community (where it is known as Valencian)) 17%, Galician (official in Galicia) 7%, Basque (official in the Basque Country and in the Basque-speaking area of Navarre) 2%, Aranese (official in the northwest corner of Catalonia (Vall d'Aran) along with Catalan, <5,000 speakers); note - Aragonese, Aranese Asturian, Basque, Calo, Catalan, Galician, and Valencian are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. |
| Religions | Roman Catholic 58.2%, atheist 16.2%, agnostic 10.8%, other 2.7%, non-believer 10.5%, unspecified 1.7% (2021 est.) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 15.02% (male 3,861,522/female 3,650,085) 15-24 years: 9.9% (male 2,557,504/female 2,392,498) 25-54 years: 43.61% (male 11,134,006/female 10,675,873) 55-64 years: 12.99% (male 3,177,080/female 3,319,823) 65 years and over: 18.49% (male 3,970,417/female 5,276,984) (2020 est.) |
| Dependency ratios | total dependency ratio: 52.4 youth dependency ratio: 21.9 elderly dependency ratio: 30.4 potential support ratio: 3.3 (2020 est.) |
| Median age | total: 43.9 years male: 42.7 years female: 45.1 years (2020 est.) |
| Population growth rate | -0.03% (2021 est.) |
| Birth rate | 8.05 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Death rate | 9.78 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Net migration rate | 1.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Population distribution | with the notable exception of Madrid, Sevilla, and Zaragoza, the largest urban agglomerations are found along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts; numerous smaller cities are spread throughout the interior reflecting Spain's agrarian heritage; very dense settlement around the capital of Madrid, as well as the port city of Barcelona |
| Urbanization | urban population: 81.1% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 0.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) note: data include Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla |
| Major cities - population | 6.669 million MADRID (capital), 5.624 million Barcelona, 835,000 Valencia (2021) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2020 est.) |
| Mother's mean age at first birth | 31.1 years (201 est.) |
| Maternal mortality rate | 4 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 3.14 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 82.21 years male: 79.22 years female: 85.39 years (2021 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 1.51 children born/woman (2021 est.) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | 62.1% (2018) note: percent of women aged 18-49 |
| Drinking water source | improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.) |
| Health expenditures | 9% (2018) |
| Physicians density | 3.87 physicians/1,000 population (2017) |
| Hospital bed density | 3 beds/1,000 population (2017) |
| Sanitation facility access | improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | 0.4% (2020 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | 150,000 (2020 est.) note: estimate does not include children |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths | <1,000 (2020) note: estimate does not include children |
| Major infectious diseases | respiratory diseases: Covid-19 (see note) (2020) note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Spain; as of 19 July 2021, Spain has reported a total of 4,161,850 cases of COVID-19 or 8,792.77 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 171.38 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 63.52% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Spain to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures |
| Obesity - adult prevalence rate | 23.8% (2016) |
| Education expenditures | 4.2% of GDP (2017) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.4% male: 98.9% female: 98% (2018) |
| School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | total: 18 years male: 17 years female: 18 years (2018) |
Source: CIA World Factbook
This page was last updated on September 18, 2021
