| Population | 3,198,913 (July 2021 est.) note: Mongolia is one of the least densely populated countries in the world (2 people per sq km); twice as many ethnic Mongols (some 6 million) live in Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol) in neighboring China |
| Nationality | noun: Mongolian(s) adjective: Mongolian |
| Ethnic groups | Khalkh 83.8%, Kazak 3.8%, Durvud 2.6%, Bayad 2%, Buriad 1.4%, Zakhchin 1.2%, Dariganga 1.1%, other 4.1% (2020 est.) |
| Languages | Mongolian 90% (official) (Khalkha dialect is predominant), Turkic, Russian (1999) major-language sample(s): ??????? ???????? ???, ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????. (Mongolian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. |
| Religions | Buddhist 53%, Muslim 3%, Shamanist 2.9%, Christian 2.2%, other 0.4%, none 38.6% (2010 est.) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 26.96% (male 435,596/female 418,524) 15-24 years: 14.93% (male 239,495/female 233,459) 25-54 years: 45.29% (male 694,481/female 740,334) 55-64 years: 8.04% (male 115,560/female 139,129) 65 years and over: 4.78% (male 60,966/female 90,482) (2020 est.) |
| Dependency ratios | total dependency ratio: 54.8 youth dependency ratio: 48.1 elderly dependency ratio: 6.7 potential support ratio: 15 (2020 est.) |
| Median age | total: 29.8 years male: 28.8 years female: 30.7 years (2020 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 0.93% (2021 est.) |
| Birth rate | 16.32 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Death rate | 6.28 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Net migration rate | -0.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Population distribution | sparsely distributed population throughout the country; the capital of Ulaanbaatar and the northern city of Darhan support the highest population densities |
| Urbanization | urban population: 68.8% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Major cities - population | 1.615 million ULAANBAATAR (capital) (2021) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.83 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2020 est.) |
| Mother's mean age at first birth | 20.5 years (2008 est.) note: median age at first birth among women 20-24 |
| Maternal mortality rate | 45 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 20.6 deaths/1,000 live births male: 23.73 deaths/1,000 live births female: 17.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 71.08 years male: 66.88 years female: 75.49 years (2021 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 1.93 children born/woman (2021 est.) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | 48.1% (2018) |
| Drinking water source | improved: urban: 97.6% of population rural: 59.2% of population total: 85.4% of population unimproved: urban: 2.4% of population rural: 40.8% of population total: 14.6% of population (2017 est.) |
| Health expenditures | 3.8% (2018) |
| Physicians density | 2.86 physicians/1,000 population (2016) |
| Hospital bed density | 8 beds/1,000 population (2017) |
| Sanitation facility access | improved: urban: 96.4% of population rural: 65.1% of population total: 86.5% of population unimproved: urban: 3.6% of population rural: 34.9% of population total: 13.5% of population (2017 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | <.1% (2020 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | <1,000 (2020 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths | <100 (2020 est.) |
| Obesity - adult prevalence rate | 20.6% (2016) |
| Children under the age of 5 years underweight | 1.8% (2018) |
| Education expenditures | 4.1% of GDP (2017) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.4% male: 98.2% female: 98.6% (2018) |
| School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | total: 15 years male: 14 years female: 16 years (2015) |
Source: CIA World Factbook
This page was last updated on September 18, 2021
