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Capitale
nom: Jerusalem; note - the US recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital in December 2017 without taking a position on the specific boundaries of Israeli sovereignty
coordonnées géographiques: 31 46 N, 35 14 E
différence de temps: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October
etymology: Jerusalem's settlement may date back to 2800 B.C.; it is named Urushalim in Egyptian texts of the 14th century B.C.; "uru-shalim" likely means "foundation of [by] the god Shalim", and derives from Hebrew/Semitic "yry", "to found or lay a cornerstone", and Shalim, the Canaanite god of dusk and the nether world; Shalim was associated with sunset and peace and the name is based on the same S-L-M root from which Semitic words for "peace" are derived (Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew); this confluence has thus led to naming interpretations such as "The City of Peace" or "The Abode of Peace"
Fête de l'Indépendance
14 Mai 1948 (following League of Nations mandate under British administration)
Fête nationale
Jour De l'Indépendance, 14 Mai (1948); note - Israel declared independence on 14 Mai 1948, but the Jewish calendar is lunar and the holiday may occur in Avril or Mai
Constitution
history: no formal constitution; some functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws, and the Law of Return (as amended)
amendments: proposed by Government of Israel ministers or by the Knesset; passage requires a majority vote of Knesset members and subject to Supreme Court judicial review; 11 of the 13 Basic Laws have been amended at least once, latest in 2018 (2018)
Suffrage - Age minimum de l'électeur
18 ans; universal; 17 ans for municipal elections
Pouvoir exécutif
chef d'état (Président): Président Reuben RIVLIN (depuis 27 July 2014)
chef de gouvernement (1er ministre): Prime Minister Binyamin NETANYAHU (depuis 31 March 2009); note - on 23 October 2019, following the inconclusive 25 September Knesset election, Président RIVLIN tasked Benny GANTZ with forming a new government after Prime Minister NETANYAHU was unable to do so
cabinet: Cabinet selected by prime minister and approved by the Knesset
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by the Knesset for a 7-year term (limited to 1 term); election last held on 10 June 2014 (next to be held on 9 April 2019); following legislative elections, the president, in consultation with party leaders, tasks a Knesset member (usually the member of the largest party) with forming a government
election results: Reuven RIVLIN elected president in second round; Knesset vote - Reuven RIVLIN (Likud) 63, Meir SHEETRIT (The Movement) 53, other/invalid 4

Source: CIA World Factbook - Version du décembre 31, 2019