São Tomé and Principe - Mortality rate, under-5, male (per 1,000 live births)

The value for Mortality rate, under-5, male (per 1,000 live births) in São Tomé and Principe was 17.80 as of 2020. As the graph below shows, over the past 55 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 120.00 in 1986 and a minimum value of 17.80 in 2020.

Definition: Under-five mortality rate, male is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn male baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to male age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.

Source: Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.

See also:

Year Value
1965 100.70
1966 97.60
1967 94.80
1968 92.80
1969 91.20
1970 90.70
1971 90.80
1972 91.20
1973 91.80
1974 92.50
1975 93.10
1976 93.70
1977 94.10
1978 94.50
1979 95.10
1980 96.00
1981 97.30
1982 98.90
1983 100.90
1984 103.20
1985 105.50
1986 120.00
1987 109.70
1988 111.40
1989 112.90
1990 114.00
1991 114.70
1992 114.80
1993 114.10
1994 112.50
1995 110.00
1996 106.60
1997 102.40
1998 97.60
1999 92.40
2000 86.90
2001 81.30
2002 75.60
2003 70.00
2004 64.80
2005 59.80
2006 55.00
2007 50.60
2008 46.70
2009 43.00
2010 39.50
2011 36.30
2012 33.30
2013 30.60
2014 28.10
2015 25.60
2016 23.50
2017 21.60
2018 20.10
2019 18.80
2020 17.80

Development Relevance: Mortality rates for different age groups (infants, children, and adults) and overall mortality indicators (life expectancy at birth or survival to a given age) are important indicators of health status in a country. Because data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. And they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development across countries.

Limitations and Exceptions: Complete vital registration systems are fairly uncommon in developing countries. Thus estimates must be obtained from sample surveys or derived by applying indirect estimation techniques to registration, census, or survey data. Survey data are subject to recall error, and surveys estimating infant/child deaths require large samples because households in which a birth has occurred during a given year cannot ordinarily be preselected for sampling. Indirect estimates rely on model life tables that may be inappropriate for the population concerned. Extrapolations based on outdated surveys may not be reliable for monitoring changes in health status or for comparative analytical work.

Statistical Concept and Methodology: The main sources of mortality data are vital registration systems and direct or indirect estimates based on sample surveys or censuses. A "complete" vital registration system - covering at least 90 percent of vital events in the population - is the best source of age-specific mortality data. Estimates of neonatal, infant, and child mortality tend to vary by source and method for a given time and place. Years for available estimates also vary by country, making comparisons across countries and over time difficult. To make neonatal, infant, and child mortality estimates comparable and to ensure consistency across estimates by different agencies, the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), which comprises the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank, the United Nations Population Division, and other universities and research institutes, developed and adopted a statistical method that uses all available information to reconcile differences. The method uses statistical models to obtain a best estimate trend line by fitting a country-specific regression model of mortality rates against their reference dates.

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual

General Comments: Given that data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Moreover, they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development ac

Classification

Topic: Health Indicators

Sub-Topic: Mortality