Panama - Mortality rate, infant, male (per 1,000 live births)

The value for Mortality rate, infant, male (per 1,000 live births) in Panama was 13.60 as of 2020. As the graph below shows, over the past 60 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 72.00 in 1960 and a minimum value of 13.60 in 2020.

Definition: Infant mortality rate, male is the number of male infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 male live births in a given year.

Source: Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.

See also:

Year Value
1960 72.00
1961 70.20
1962 68.30
1963 66.50
1964 64.70
1965 63.10
1966 61.50
1967 59.90
1968 58.30
1969 56.60
1970 54.70
1971 52.80
1972 50.70
1973 48.60
1974 46.70
1975 45.00
1976 43.50
1977 42.10
1978 40.90
1979 39.70
1980 38.60
1981 37.50
1982 36.30
1983 35.20
1984 34.10
1985 33.00
1986 32.00
1987 31.10
1988 30.30
1989 29.40
1990 28.70
1991 28.00
1992 27.40
1993 27.00
1994 26.60
1995 26.20
1996 25.80
1997 25.50
1998 25.10
1999 24.70
2000 24.20
2001 23.70
2002 23.20
2003 22.60
2004 22.10
2005 21.50
2006 21.00
2007 20.50
2008 19.90
2009 19.30
2010 18.80
2011 18.30
2012 17.70
2013 17.20
2014 16.70
2015 16.20
2016 15.60
2017 15.20
2018 14.60
2019 14.10
2020 13.60

Development Relevance: Mortality rates for different age groups (infants, children, and adults) and overall mortality indicators (life expectancy at birth or survival to a given age) are important indicators of health status in a country. Because data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. And they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development across countries.

Limitations and Exceptions: Complete vital registration systems are fairly uncommon in developing countries. Thus estimates must be obtained from sample surveys or derived by applying indirect estimation techniques to registration, census, or survey data. Survey data are subject to recall error, and surveys estimating infant/child deaths require large samples because households in which a birth has occurred during a given year cannot ordinarily be preselected for sampling. Indirect estimates rely on model life tables that may be inappropriate for the population concerned. Extrapolations based on outdated surveys may not be reliable for monitoring changes in health status or for comparative analytical work.

Statistical Concept and Methodology: The main sources of mortality data are vital registration systems and direct or indirect estimates based on sample surveys or censuses. A "complete" vital registration system - covering at least 90 percent of vital events in the population - is the best source of age-specific mortality data. Estimates of neonatal, infant, and child mortality tend to vary by source and method for a given time and place. Years for available estimates also vary by country, making comparisons across countries and over time difficult. To make neonatal, infant, and child mortality estimates comparable and to ensure consistency across estimates by different agencies, the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), which comprises the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank, the United Nations Population Division, and other universities and research institutes, developed and adopted a statistical method that uses all available information to reconcile differences. The method uses statistical models to obtain a best estimate trend line by fitting a country-specific regression model of mortality rates against their reference dates.

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual

General Comments: Given that data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Moreover, they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development ac

Classification

Topic: Health Indicators

Sub-Topic: Mortality