Panama - School enrollment, tertiary (% gross)

The value for School enrollment, tertiary (% gross) in Panama was 47.80 as of 2016. As the graph below shows, over the past 46 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 47.80 in 2016 and a minimum value of 6.34 in 1970.

Definition: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/)

See also:

Year Value
1970 6.34
1971 10.32
1972 12.08
1973 13.85
1974 14.95
1975 15.60
1976 17.47
1977 19.24
1978 18.39
1979 19.22
1980 20.30
1981 20.69
1982 21.36
1983 20.57
1984 23.50
1985 24.29
1986 26.70
1987 23.39
1988 21.25
1989 20.45
1990 20.99
1991 22.65
1992 24.21
1993 25.91
1994 25.55
1995 27.95
1996 29.17
1998 36.31
1999 38.23
2000 41.33
2001 40.82
2002 40.40
2003 44.26
2004 43.33
2005 42.09
2006 43.12
2007 43.25
2008 43.38
2009 43.32
2010 44.25
2011 42.17
2012 43.93
2014 44.54
2015 47.27
2016 47.80

Development Relevance: Gross enrollment ratios indicate the capacity of each level of the education system, but a high ratio may reflect a substantial number of overage children enrolled in each grade because of repetition or late entry rather than a successful education system. The net enrollment rate excludes overage and underage students and more accurately captures the system's coverage and internal efficiency. Differences between the gross enrollment ratio and the net enrollment rate show the incidence of overage and underage enrollments.

Limitations and Exceptions: Enrollment indicators are based on annual school surveys, but do not necessarily reflect actual attendance or dropout rates during the year. Also, the length of education differs across countries and can influence enrollment rates, although the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) tries to minimize the difference. For example, a shorter duration for primary education tends to increase the rate; a longer one to decrease it (in part because older children are more at risk of dropping out). Moreover, age at enrollment may be inaccurately estimated or misstated, especially in communities where registration of births is not strictly enforced.

Other Notes: Data retrieved via API in March 2019. For detailed information on the observation level (e.g. National Estimation, UIS Estimation, or Category not applicable), please visit UIS.Stat (http://data.uis.unesco.org/).

Statistical Concept and Methodology: Gross enrollment ratio for tertiary school is calculated by dividing the number of students enrolled in tertiary education regardless of age by the population of the age group which officially corresponds to tertiary education, and multiplying by 100. Data on education are collected by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics from official responses to its annual education survey. All the data are mapped to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) to ensure the comparability of education programs at the international level. The current version was formally adopted by UNESCO Member States in 2011. Population data are drawn from the United Nations Population Division. Using a single source for population data standardizes definitions, estimations, and interpolation methods, ensuring a consistent methodology across countries and minimizing potential enumeration problems in national censuses. The reference years reflect the school year for which the data are presented. In some countries the school year spans two calendar years (for example, from September 2010 to June 2011); in these cases the reference year refers to the year in which the school year ended (2011 in the example).

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual

Classification

Topic: Education Indicators

Sub-Topic: Participation