Pakistan - Research and development expenditure

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in Pakistan was 0.236 as of 2017. Its highest value over the past 20 years was 0.633 in 2007, while its lowest value was 0.109 in 1998.

Definition: Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/)

See also:

Year Value
1997 0.156
1998 0.109
1999 0.116
2000 0.116
2001 0.152
2002 0.199
2005 0.398
2007 0.633
2009 0.448
2011 0.329
2013 0.293
2015 0.246
2017 0.236

Classification

Topic: Infrastructure Indicators

Sub-Topic: Technology