Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) - Country Ranking - Europe

Definition: Women in parliaments are the percentage of parliamentary seats in a single or lower chamber held by women.

Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) (www.ipu.org).

See also: Thematic map, Time series comparison

Find indicator:
Rank Country Value Year
1 Iceland 47.62 2021
2 Sweden 46.99 2021
3 Andorra 46.43 2021
4 Finland 46.00 2021
5 Norway 44.97 2021
6 Spain 43.43 2021
7 Switzerland 42.50 2021
8 Belgium 42.00 2021
9 North Macedonia 41.67 2021
10 Austria 40.44 2021
11 Belarus 40.00 2021
11 Portugal 40.00 2021
13 Denmark 39.66 2021
14 Moldova 39.60 2021
15 France 39.51 2021
16 Netherlands 39.33 2021
17 Serbia 39.20 2021
18 Albania 35.71 2021
18 Italy 35.71 2021
20 Luxembourg 35.00 2021
21 Germany 34.92 2021
22 United Kingdom 34.26 2021
23 Monaco 33.33 2021
23 San Marino 33.33 2021
25 Croatia 31.13 2021
26 Latvia 29.00 2021
27 Poland 28.32 2021
28 Liechtenstein 28.00 2021
29 Lithuania 27.66 2021
30 Slovenia 26.67 2021
31 Bosnia and Herzegovina 26.19 2021
32 Estonia 25.74 2021
33 Czech Republic 25.00 2021
34 Montenegro 24.69 2021
35 Bulgaria 23.75 2021
36 Slovak Republic 22.67 2021
37 Ireland 22.50 2021
38 Greece 21.67 2021
39 Ukraine 20.80 2021
40 Romania 18.54 2021
41 Turkey 17.33 2021
42 Cyprus 14.29 2021
43 Malta 13.43 2021
44 Hungary 13.07 2021

More rankings: Africa | Asia | Central America & the Caribbean | Europe | Middle East | North America | Oceania | South America | World |

Development Relevance: Despite much progress in recent decades, gender inequalities remain pervasive in many dimensions of life - worldwide. But while disparities exist throughout the world, they are most prevalent in developing countries. Gender inequalities in the allocation of such resources as education, health care, nutrition, and political voice matter because of the strong association with well-being, productivity, and economic growth. These patterns of inequality begin at an early age, with boys routinely receiving a larger share of education and health spending than do girls, for example. Women are vastly underrepresented in decision-making positions in government, although there is some evidence of recent improvement. Gender parity in parliamentary representation is still far from being realized. Without representation at this level, it is difficult for women to influence policy. A strong and vibrant democracy is possible only when parliament is fully inclusive of the population it represents. Parliaments cannot consider themselves inclusive, however, until they can boast the full participation of women. This is not just about women's right to equality and their contribution to the conduct of public affairs, but also about using women's resources and potential to determine political and development priorities that benefit societies and the global community.

Limitations and Exceptions: The number of countries covered varies with suspensions or dissolutions of parliaments. There can be difficulties in obtaining information on by-election results and replacements due to death or resignation. These changes are ad hoc events which are more difficult to keep track of. By-elections, for instance, are often not announced internationally as general elections are. Parliaments vary considerably in their internal workings and procedures, however, generally legislate, oversee government and represent the electorate. In terms of measuring women's contribution to political decision making, this indicator may not be sufficient because some women may face obstacles in fully and efficiently carrying out their parliamentary mandate. The data is compiled by the Inter-Parliamentary Union on the basis of information provided by National Parliaments. The percentages do not take into account the case of parliaments for which no data was available at that date. Information is available in all countries where a national legislature exists and therefore does not include parliaments that have been dissolved or suspended for an indefinite period.

Statistical Concept and Methodology: The proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments is the number of seats held by women members in single or lower chambers of national parliaments, expressed as a percentage of all occupied seats; it is derived by dividing the total number of seats occupied by women by the total number of seats in parliament. National parliaments can be bicameral or unicameral. This indicator covers the single chamber in unicameral parliaments and the lower chamber in bicameral parliaments. It does not cover the upper chamber of bicameral parliaments. Seats are usually won by members in general parliamentary elections. Seats may also be filled by nomination, appointment, indirect election, rotation of members and by-election. Seats refer to the number of parliamentary mandates, or the number of members of parliament.

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual

General Comments: General cut off date is end-December. Relevance to gender indicator: Women are vastly underrepresented in decision making positions in government, although there is some evidence of recent improvement. Gender parity in parliamentary representation is stil