Mammal species, threatened - Country Ranking

Definition: Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.

Source: United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, and International Union for Conservation of Nature, Red List of Threatened Species.

See also: Thematic map, Time series comparison

Find indicator:
Rank Country Value Year
1 Indonesia 191.00 2018
2 Madagascar 121.00 2018
3 Mexico 96.00 2018
4 India 93.00 2018
5 Brazil 80.00 2018
6 China 73.00 2018
7 Malaysia 71.00 2018
8 Australia 63.00 2018
9 Thailand 59.00 2018
10 Colombia 58.00 2018
11 Vietnam 56.00 2018
12 Peru 53.00 2018
13 Myanmar 49.00 2018
14 Ecuador 47.00 2018
15 Cameroon 46.00 2018
16 Lao PDR 45.00 2018
17 Papua New Guinea 41.00 2018
17 Tanzania 41.00 2018
19 United States 40.00 2018
20 Cambodia 39.00 2018
21 Philippines 38.00 2018
21 Argentina 38.00 2018
23 Bangladesh 37.00 2018
24 Venezuela 35.00 2018
25 Ethiopia 34.00 2018
25 Russia 34.00 2018
27 Brunei 33.00 2018
28 Dem. Rep. Congo 32.00 2018
29 Côte d'Ivoire 31.00 2018
29 Uganda 31.00 2018
29 Nigeria 31.00 2018
32 South Africa 30.00 2018
32 Sri Lanka 30.00 2018
32 Kenya 30.00 2018
32 Guinea 30.00 2018
36 Japan 29.00 2018
36 Nepal 29.00 2018
38 Pakistan 25.00 2018
38 Bhutan 25.00 2018
40 Rwanda 24.00 2018
40 Liberia 24.00 2018
42 Equatorial Guinea 23.00 2018
43 Sierra Leone 22.00 2018
44 Bolivia 21.00 2018
44 Ghana 21.00 2018
46 Chile 19.00 2018
46 Solomon Islands 19.00 2018
46 Turkey 19.00 2018
46 Senegal 19.00 2018
50 Mauritania 18.00 2018
50 Morocco 18.00 2018
50 Iran 18.00 2018
50 Angola 18.00 2018
50 Gabon 18.00 2018
50 Egypt 18.00 2018
50 Canada 18.00 2018
57 Spain 17.00 2018
57 Mozambique 17.00 2018
57 Panama 17.00 2018
60 Sudan 16.00 2018
60 Chad 16.00 2018
60 Central African Republic 16.00 2018
60 Kazakhstan 16.00 2018
60 Somalia 16.00 2018
65 Namibia 15.00 2018
65 Israel 15.00 2018
65 Congo 15.00 2018
65 Eritrea 15.00 2018
65 Guatemala 15.00 2018
70 Algeria 14.00 2018
70 Guinea-Bissau 14.00 2018
70 Mali 14.00 2018
70 Burundi 14.00 2018
70 Singapore 14.00 2018
70 Syrian Arab Republic 14.00 2018
70 Tunisia 14.00 2018
77 Togo 13.00 2018
77 Niger 13.00 2018
77 Zambia 13.00 2018
77 Portugal 13.00 2018
77 Jordan 13.00 2018
77 Iraq 13.00 2018
77 Benin 13.00 2018
84 Korea 12.00 2018
85 Guyana 11.00 2018
85 Mongolia 11.00 2018
85 Afghanistan 11.00 2018
85 Costa Rica 11.00 2018
85 Botswana 11.00 2018
85 Djibouti 11.00 2018
85 Saudi Arabia 11.00 2018
85 Yemen 11.00 2018
85 Ukraine 11.00 2018
94 Uruguay 10.00 2018
94 Zimbabwe 10.00 2018
94 Dem. People's Rep. Korea 10.00 2018
94 Paraguay 10.00 2018
94 Uzbekistan 10.00 2018
94 Turkmenistan 10.00 2018
94 Cuba 10.00 2018
94 Oman 10.00 2018
94 Malawi 10.00 2018
94 Lebanon 10.00 2018
94 Belize 10.00 2018
94 Libya 10.00 2018
94 Greece 10.00 2018
94 The Gambia 10.00 2018
108 Croatia 9.00 2018
108 Greenland 9.00 2018
108 Burkina Faso 9.00 2018
108 Armenia 9.00 2018
108 France 9.00 2018
108 Georgia 9.00 2018
108 Suriname 9.00 2018
108 Romania 9.00 2018
108 New Zealand 9.00 2018
108 New Caledonia 9.00 2018
108 Eswatini 9.00 2018
119 Vanuatu 8.00 2018
119 Honduras 8.00 2018
119 Italy 8.00 2018
119 Norway 8.00 2018
119 Azerbaijan 8.00 2018
119 Bulgaria 8.00 2018
119 United Arab Emirates 8.00 2018
126 Jamaica 7.00 2018
126 Kuwait 7.00 2018
126 Mauritius 7.00 2018
126 Nicaragua 7.00 2018
126 Dominican Republic 7.00 2018
126 Fiji 7.00 2018
126 Tajikistan 7.00 2018
133 Seychelles 6.00 2018
133 Slovenia 6.00 2018
133 Montenegro 6.00 2018
133 Serbia 6.00 2018
133 El Salvador 6.00 2018
133 Iceland 6.00 2018
133 North Macedonia 6.00 2018
133 Cyprus 6.00 2018
141 Germany 5.00 2018
141 Comoros 5.00 2018
141 United Kingdom 5.00 2018
141 Kyrgyz Republic 5.00 2018
141 The Bahamas 5.00 2018
141 Ireland 5.00 2018
141 Timor-Leste 5.00 2018
148 Poland 4.00 2018
148 Cabo Verde 4.00 2018
148 Moldova 4.00 2018
148 Lesotho 4.00 2018
148 Qatar 4.00 2018
148 Palau 4.00 2018
148 São Tomé and Principe 4.00 2018
148 Slovak Republic 4.00 2018
148 Haiti 4.00 2018
148 Hong Kong SAR, China 4.00 2018
148 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.00 2018
148 Belarus 4.00 2018
160 Switzerland 3.00 2018
160 Grenada 3.00 2018
160 Bahrain 3.00 2018
160 Austria 3.00 2018
160 Albania 3.00 2018
160 Monaco 3.00 2018
160 Netherlands 3.00 2018
160 Barbados 3.00 2018
160 Dominica 3.00 2018
160 Czech Republic 3.00 2018
160 Hungary 3.00 2018
171 St. Kitts and Nevis 2.00 2018
171 Lithuania 2.00 2018
171 St. Lucia 2.00 2018
171 Nauru 2.00 2018
171 Andorra 2.00 2018
171 Antigua and Barbuda 2.00 2018
171 Malta 2.00 2018
171 Kiribati 2.00 2018
171 Belgium 2.00 2018
171 Finland 2.00 2018
171 Denmark 2.00 2018
171 Puerto Rico 2.00 2018
171 Trinidad and Tobago 2.00 2018
171 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2.00 2018
171 Tuvalu 2.00 2018
171 Tonga 2.00 2018
171 Samoa 2.00 2018
188 Sweden 1.00 2018
188 Estonia 1.00 2018
188 Latvia 1.00 2018
188 Cayman Islands 1.00 2018
192 Liechtenstein 0.00 2018
192 Luxembourg 0.00 2018
192 Macao SAR, China 0.00 2018
192 San Marino 0.00 2018

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Development Relevance: As threats to biodiversity mount, the international community is increasingly focusing on conserving diversity. The number of threatened species is an important measure of the immediate need for conservation in an area. Global analyses of the status of threatened species have been carried out for few groups of organisms. Only for mammals, birds, and amphibians has the status of virtually all known species been assessed. Threatened species are defined using the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) classification: endangered (in danger of extinction and unlikely to survive if causal factors continue operating) and vulnerable (likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if causal factors continue operating). The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species is widely recognized as the most comprehensive, objective global approach for evaluating the conservation status of plant and animal species. The IUCN draws on and mobilizes a network of scientists and partner organizations working in almost every country in the world, who collectively hold what is likely the most complete scientific knowledge base on the biology and conservation status of species. the IUCN Red List covers a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status of the world's 5,488 mammal species, including global summary statistics, individual species accounts/threat category, range map, ecology information, and some other data. Mammal species are found spread across the globe, with the exception of the land mass of Antarctica. Nearly one-quarter of the world's mammal species are known to be globally threatened or extinct, 63 percent are known to not be threatened, and 15 percent have insufficient data to determine their threat status. Habitat loss, affecting over 2,000 mammal species, is the greatest threat globally. The second greatest threat is utilization which is affecting over 900 mammal species, mainly those in Asia. Direct threats to species are the proximate human activities or processes that have impacted, are impacting, or may impact the status of the taxon being assessed (e.g., unsustainable fishing or logging). Direct threats are synonymous with sources of stress and proximate pressures. Threats can be past (historical, unlikely to return or historical, likely to return), ongoing, and/or likely to occur in the future.

Limitations and Exceptions: Reporting the proportion of threatened species on the Red List is complicated by the fact that not all species groups have been fully evaluated, and also by the fact that some species have so little information available that they can only be assessed as Data Deficient (DD). For many of the incompletely evaluated groups, assessment efforts have focused on species that are likely to be threatened; therefore any percentage of threatened species reported for these groups would be heavily biased (i.e., the percentage of threatened species would likely be an overestimate). Some parts of the world, such as the Andes, Central and West Africa, Angola, parts of South and Southeast Asia, and Melanesia, still have sparse information available of their mammal faunas. In addition, many species' names, especially in the tropics, actually represent complexes of several species that have not yet been resolved. The information on the relative importance of different threatening processes to mammal species is incomplete. IUCN codes all threats that appear to have an important impact, but not their relative importance for each species. Since IUCN has evaluated extinction risk for less than 5 percent of the world's described species, IUCN cannot provide an overall estimate for how many of the planet's species are threatened. For those groups that have been comprehensively evaluated, the proportion of threatened species can be calculated, but the number of threatened species is often uncertain because it is not known whether Data Deficient species are actually threatened or not. Due to variations in consistency and methods of collection, data quality is highly variable across countries. Some countries update their information more frequently than others, some have more accurate data on extent of coverage, and many underreport the number or extent of protected areas. Also, because of differences in definitions, reporting practices, and reporting periods, cross-country comparability of threatened species is limited. In order to ensure global uniformity when describing the habitat in which a taxon (a taxonomic group of any rank) occurs, the threats to a taxon, what conservation actions are in place or are needed, and whether or not the taxon is utilized, a set of standard terms, called Classification Schemes, are being developed, for documenting taxonomy on the IUCN Red List.

Statistical Concept and Methodology: Species assessed as Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN) or Vulnerable (VU) are referred to as "threatened" species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species collects and disseminates information on the global threated species. Proportion of threatened species is only reported for the more completely evaluated groups (i.e., >90% of species evaluated). Also, the reported percentage of threatened species for each group is presented as a best estimate within a range of possible values bounded by lower and upper estimates: Lower estimate = % threatened extant species if all Data Deficient species are not threatened, i.e., (CR + EN + VU) / (total assessed - EX) Best estimate = % threatened extant species if Data Deficient species are equally threatened as data sufficient species, i.e., (CR + EN + VU) / (total assessed - EX - DD) Upper estimate = % threatened extant species if all Data Deficient species are threatened, i.e., (CR + EN + VU + DD) / (total assessed - EX) Additional information on ecology and habitat preferences, threats, and conservation action are also collated and assessed as part of Red List process.

Aggregation method: Sum

Periodicity: Annual