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Uzbekistan vs. Turkmenistan

Demographics

UzbekistanTurkmenistan
Population30,842,796 (July 2021 est.)5,579,889 (July 2021 est.)

note: some sources suggest Turkmenistan's population could be as much as 1 to 2 million people lower than available estimates because of large-scale emigration during the last 10 years
Age structure0-14 years: 23.19% (male 3,631,693/female 3,456,750)

15-24 years: 16.63% (male 2,601,803/female 2,481,826)

25-54 years: 45.68% (male 6,955,260/female 7,006,172)

55-64 years: 8.63% (male 1,245,035/female 1,392,263)

65 years and over: 5.87% (male 768,769/female 1,025,840) (2020 est.)
0-14 years: 25.44% (male 713,441/female 693,042)

15-24 years: 16.48% (male 458,566/female 452,469)

25-54 years: 44.14% (male 1,214,581/female 1,226,027)

55-64 years: 8.56% (male 221,935/female 251,238)

65 years and over: 5.38% (male 129,332/female 167,996) (2020 est.)
Median agetotal: 30.1 years

male: 29.4 years

female: 30.7 years (2020 est.)
total: 29.2 years

male: 28.7 years

female: 29.7 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate0.86% (2021 est.)1.02% (2021 est.)
Birth rate15.85 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)17.85 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Death rate5.4 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)5.95 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Net migration rate-1.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)-1.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Sex ratioat birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female

total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.88 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female

total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
Infant mortality ratetotal: 19.42 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 23.13 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 15.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
total: 38.54 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 46.87 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 29.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
Life expectancy at birthtotal population: 75.03 years

male: 71.98 years

female: 78.25 years (2021 est.)
total population: 71.54 years

male: 68.5 years

female: 74.73 years (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate1.73 children born/woman (2021 est.)2.04 children born/woman (2021 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate0.2% (2020 est.)NA
Nationalitynoun: Uzbekistani

adjective: Uzbekistani
noun: Turkmenistani(s)

adjective: Turkmenistani
Ethnic groupsUzbek 83.8%, Tajik 4.8%, Kazakh 2.5%, Russian 2.3%, Karakalpak 2.2%, Tatar 1.5%, other 4.4% (2017 est.)Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS58,000 (2020 est.)NA
ReligionsMuslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%Muslim 93%, Christian 6.4%, Buddhist <1%, folk religion <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unspecified <1% (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths<1,000 (2020 est.)NA
LanguagesUzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%

major-language sample(s):
Jahon faktlari kitobi, asosiy ma'lumotlar uchun zaruriy manba. (Uzbek)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

note: in the autonomous Karakalpakstan Republic, both the Karakalpak language and Uzbek have official status
Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%

major-language sample(s):
Dünyä Facebooky, esasy maglumat üçin ayrylmaz bir çesme dir. (Turkmen)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Literacydefinition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 100%

male: 100%

female: 100% (2016)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99.7%

male: 99.8%

female: 99.6% (2015)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)total: 13 years

male: 13 years

female: 12 years (2019)
total: 13 years

male: 13 years

female: 13 years (2019)
Education expenditures5.3% of GDP (2017)3.1% of GDP (2012)
Urbanizationurban population: 50.4% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: 1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 53% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: 2.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Drinking water sourceimproved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 96.1% of population

total: 97.8% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 3.9% of population

total: 2.2% of population (2017 est.)
improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2017 est.)
Sanitation facility accessimproved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2017 est.)
improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2017 est.)
Major cities - population2.545 million TASHKENT (capital) (2021)865,000 ASHGABAT (capital) (2021)
Maternal mortality rate29 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight2.9% (2017)3.1% (2019)
Health expenditures5.3% (2018)6.6% (2018)
Physicians density2.37 physicians/1,000 population (2014)2.23 physicians/1,000 population (2014)
Hospital bed density4 beds/1,000 population (2014)4 beds/1,000 population (2014)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate16.6% (2016)18.6% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth23.7 years (2019 est.)24.2 years (2019)
Dependency ratiostotal dependency ratio: 50.6

youth dependency ratio: 43.4

elderly dependency ratio: 7.2

potential support ratio: 13.9 (2020 est.)
total dependency ratio: 55.2

youth dependency ratio: 47.8

elderly dependency ratio: 7.4

potential support ratio: 13.5 (2020 est.)

Source: CIA Factbook