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Uzbekistan vs. Kazakhstan

Demographics

UzbekistanKazakhstan
Population30,842,796 (July 2021 est.)19,245,793 (July 2021 est.)
Age structure0-14 years: 23.19% (male 3,631,693/female 3,456,750)

15-24 years: 16.63% (male 2,601,803/female 2,481,826)

25-54 years: 45.68% (male 6,955,260/female 7,006,172)

55-64 years: 8.63% (male 1,245,035/female 1,392,263)

65 years and over: 5.87% (male 768,769/female 1,025,840) (2020 est.)
0-14 years: 26.13% (male 2,438,148/female 2,550,535)

15-24 years: 12.97% (male 1,262,766/female 1,212,645)

25-54 years: 42.23% (male 3,960,188/female 4,102,845)

55-64 years: 10.25% (male 856,180/female 1,099,923)

65 years and over: 8.43% (male 567,269/female 1,041,450) (2020 est.)
Median agetotal: 30.1 years

male: 29.4 years

female: 30.7 years (2020 est.)
total: 31.6 years

male: 30.3 years

female: 32.8 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate0.86% (2021 est.)0.81% (2021 est.)
Birth rate15.85 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)15.87 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Death rate5.4 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)8.14 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Net migration rate-1.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)0.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Sex ratioat birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female

total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
at birth: 0.94 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 0.96 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.97 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.78 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.54 male(s)/female

total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
Infant mortality ratetotal: 19.42 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 23.13 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 15.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
total: 19.59 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 22.18 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 17.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
Life expectancy at birthtotal population: 75.03 years

male: 71.98 years

female: 78.25 years (2021 est.)
total population: 72.25 years

male: 67.12 years

female: 77.06 years (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate1.73 children born/woman (2021 est.)2.13 children born/woman (2021 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate0.2% (2020 est.)0.3% (2020 est.)
Nationalitynoun: Uzbekistani

adjective: Uzbekistani
noun: Kazakhstani(s)

adjective: Kazakhstani
Ethnic groupsUzbek 83.8%, Tajik 4.8%, Kazakh 2.5%, Russian 2.3%, Karakalpak 2.2%, Tatar 1.5%, other 4.4% (2017 est.)Kazakh (Qazaq) 68%, Russian 19.3%, Uzbek 3.2%, Ukrainian 1.5%, Uighur 1.5%, Tatar 1.1%, German 1%, other 4.4% (2019 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS58,000 (2020 est.)35,000 (2020 est.)
ReligionsMuslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%Muslim 70.2%, Christian 26.2% (mainly Russian Orthodox), other 0.2%, atheist 2.8%, unspecified 0.5% (2009 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths<1,000 (2020 est.)<500 (2020 est.)
LanguagesUzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%

major-language sample(s):
Jahon faktlari kitobi, asosiy ma'lumotlar uchun zaruriy manba. (Uzbek)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

note: in the autonomous Karakalpakstan Republic, both the Karakalpak language and Uzbek have official status
Kazakh (official, Qazaq) 83.1% (understand spoken language) and trilingual (Kazakh, Russian, English) 22.3% (2017 est.); Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication") 94.4% (understand spoken language) (2009 est.)

major-language sample(s):
??????? ???????? ??????, ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????. (Kazakh)

????? ?????? ? ???? - ??????????? ????????  ??????? ??????????. (Russian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Literacydefinition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 100%

male: 100%

female: 100% (2016)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99.8%

male: 99.8%

female: 99.8% (2015)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)total: 13 years

male: 13 years

female: 12 years (2019)
total: 16 years

male: 15 years

female: 16 years (2019)
Education expenditures5.3% of GDP (2017)2.6% of GDP (2018)
Urbanizationurban population: 50.4% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: 1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 57.8% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: 1.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Drinking water sourceimproved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 96.1% of population

total: 97.8% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 3.9% of population

total: 2.2% of population (2017 est.)
improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 93.8% of population

total: 97.4% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 6.2% of population

total: 2.6% of population (2017 est.)
Sanitation facility accessimproved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2017 est.)
improved: urban: 99.9% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 99.9% of population

unimproved: urban: 0.1% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0.1% of population (2017 est.)
Major cities - population2.545 million TASHKENT (capital) (2021)1.928 million Almaty, 1.212 million NUR-SULTAN (capital), 1.093 million Shimkent (2021)
Maternal mortality rate29 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)10 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight2.9% (2017)2% (2015)
Health expenditures5.3% (2018)2.9% (2018)
Physicians density2.37 physicians/1,000 population (2014)3.98 physicians/1,000 population (2014)
Hospital bed density4 beds/1,000 population (2014)6.1 beds/1,000 population (2014)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate16.6% (2016)21% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth23.7 years (2019 est.)28.9 years (2019 est.)
Dependency ratiostotal dependency ratio: 50.6

youth dependency ratio: 43.4

elderly dependency ratio: 7.2

potential support ratio: 13.9 (2020 est.)
total dependency ratio: 58.8

youth dependency ratio: 46.3

elderly dependency ratio: 12.6

potential support ratio: 8 (2020 est.)

Source: CIA Factbook