Turkmenistan vs. Kazakhstan
Demographics
| Turkmenistan | Kazakhstan | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 5,579,889 (July 2021 est.) note: some sources suggest Turkmenistan's population could be as much as 1 to 2 million people lower than available estimates because of large-scale emigration during the last 10 years | 19,245,793 (July 2021 est.) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 25.44% (male 713,441/female 693,042) 15-24 years: 16.48% (male 458,566/female 452,469) 25-54 years: 44.14% (male 1,214,581/female 1,226,027) 55-64 years: 8.56% (male 221,935/female 251,238) 65 years and over: 5.38% (male 129,332/female 167,996) (2020 est.) | 0-14 years: 26.13% (male 2,438,148/female 2,550,535) 15-24 years: 12.97% (male 1,262,766/female 1,212,645) 25-54 years: 42.23% (male 3,960,188/female 4,102,845) 55-64 years: 10.25% (male 856,180/female 1,099,923) 65 years and over: 8.43% (male 567,269/female 1,041,450) (2020 est.) |
| Median age | total: 29.2 years male: 28.7 years female: 29.7 years (2020 est.) | total: 31.6 years male: 30.3 years female: 32.8 years (2020 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 1.02% (2021 est.) | 0.81% (2021 est.) |
| Birth rate | 17.85 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) | 15.87 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Death rate | 5.95 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) | 8.14 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Net migration rate | -1.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) | 0.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.88 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2020 est.) | at birth: 0.94 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.78 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.54 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2020 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 38.54 deaths/1,000 live births male: 46.87 deaths/1,000 live births female: 29.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) | total: 19.59 deaths/1,000 live births male: 22.18 deaths/1,000 live births female: 17.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 71.54 years male: 68.5 years female: 74.73 years (2021 est.) | total population: 72.25 years male: 67.12 years female: 77.06 years (2021 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 2.04 children born/woman (2021 est.) | 2.13 children born/woman (2021 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | NA | 0.3% (2020 est.) |
| Nationality | noun: Turkmenistani(s) adjective: Turkmenistani | noun: Kazakhstani(s) adjective: Kazakhstani |
| Ethnic groups | Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003 est.) | Kazakh (Qazaq) 68%, Russian 19.3%, Uzbek 3.2%, Ukrainian 1.5%, Uighur 1.5%, Tatar 1.1%, German 1%, other 4.4% (2019 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | NA | 35,000 (2020 est.) |
| Religions | Muslim 93%, Christian 6.4%, Buddhist <1%, folk religion <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unspecified <1% (2020 est.) | Muslim 70.2%, Christian 26.2% (mainly Russian Orthodox), other 0.2%, atheist 2.8%, unspecified 0.5% (2009 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths | NA | <500 (2020 est.) |
| Languages | Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7% major-language sample(s): Dünyä Facebooky, esasy maglumat üçin ayrylmaz bir çesme dir. (Turkmen) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | Kazakh (official, Qazaq) 83.1% (understand spoken language) and trilingual (Kazakh, Russian, English) 22.3% (2017 est.); Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication") 94.4% (understand spoken language) (2009 est.) major-language sample(s): ??????? ???????? ??????, ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????. (Kazakh) ????? ?????? ? ???? - ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. (Russian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.7% male: 99.8% female: 99.6% (2015) | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.8% male: 99.8% female: 99.8% (2015) |
| School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | total: 13 years male: 13 years female: 13 years (2019) | total: 16 years male: 15 years female: 16 years (2019) |
| Education expenditures | 3.1% of GDP (2012) | 2.6% of GDP (2018) |
| Urbanization | urban population: 53% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 2.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | urban population: 57.8% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 1.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Drinking water source | improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.) | improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 93.8% of population total: 97.4% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 6.2% of population total: 2.6% of population (2017 est.) |
| Sanitation facility access | improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.) | improved: urban: 99.9% of population rural: 100% of population total: 99.9% of population unimproved: urban: 0.1% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0.1% of population (2017 est.) |
| Major cities - population | 865,000 ASHGABAT (capital) (2021) | 1.928 million Almaty, 1.212 million NUR-SULTAN (capital), 1.093 million Shimkent (2021) |
| Maternal mortality rate | 7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) | 10 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) |
| Children under the age of 5 years underweight | 3.1% (2019) | 2% (2015) |
| Health expenditures | 6.6% (2018) | 2.9% (2018) |
| Physicians density | 2.23 physicians/1,000 population (2014) | 3.98 physicians/1,000 population (2014) |
| Hospital bed density | 4 beds/1,000 population (2014) | 6.1 beds/1,000 population (2014) |
| Obesity - adult prevalence rate | 18.6% (2016) | 21% (2016) |
| Mother's mean age at first birth | 24.2 years (2019) | 28.9 years (2019 est.) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | 49.7% (2019) | 53% (2018) note: percent of women aged 18-49 |
| Dependency ratios | total dependency ratio: 55.2 youth dependency ratio: 47.8 elderly dependency ratio: 7.4 potential support ratio: 13.5 (2020 est.) | total dependency ratio: 58.8 youth dependency ratio: 46.3 elderly dependency ratio: 12.6 potential support ratio: 8 (2020 est.) |
Source: CIA Factbook
